New collagen‐coated calcium phosphate synthetic bone filler (Synergoss^®): A comparative surface analysis

Abstract

Replacement of bone loss or reconstruction of bone defect is still a clinical challenge. Synergoss â is a recently developed synthetic bone filler that exploits biomolecular surface engineering to deliver directly to the filler-implant interface the signaling properties of type I collagen. In this article, we compared Synergoss â bone filler with the most used materials present on the market derived from animal source (Bio-Oss â , Gen-Os â ) or synthetic source (BoneCeramic â ). All tested bone fillers were analyzed by ATR-IR, providing information concerning the chemical composition and the main functional groups. Surface zeta potential analysis shows a positive surface charge for Synergoss â , confirming that the material exposes a collagen nanolayer to the surrounding environment, unlike typical synthetic and bone-based fillers. The chemical composition of the first few nanometers of the surface of tested bone fillers was evaluated by XPS, and Synergoss â shows a significant amount of nitrogen (9.8 at%), which is not detected in any of the remaining materials. Morphological structure of Synergoss â (analyzed by SEM) shows a uniformly distributed micro-and macroporosity, which plays an essential role in influencing cell adhesion and blood vessel infiltration, nutrient transportation, and clot formation to stimulate the overall healing process.

Functionalization with a Polyphenol-Rich Pomace Extract Empowers a Ceramic Bone Filler with In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pro-Osteogenic Properties

“…Figure 3 b shows a focus on the peaks related to the inorganic phase (1500–500 cm −1 ), with a clear calcium phosphate composition of Synergoss Red. Both the bone fillers showed typical bands associated with the triply degenerated asymmetric stretching mode of P-O bonds of phosphate groups in the range between 950 and 1140 cm −1 [ 3 ]. The peak at 1125 cm −1 is due to tricalcium phosphate, while peaks at 1025 cm −1 and 1010 cm −1 are typically associated with HA, overlapped with the component due to β-TCP [ 3 , 48 ].…”

“…Both the bone fillers showed typical bands associated with the triply degenerated asymmetric stretching mode of P-O bonds of phosphate groups in the range between 950 and 1140 cm −1 [ 3 ]. The peak at 1125 cm −1 is due to tricalcium phosphate, while peaks at 1025 cm −1 and 1010 cm −1 are typically associated with HA, overlapped with the component due to β-TCP [ 3 , 48 ]. Interesting results were obtained comparing the Synergoss Red material with the bone filler control and PRPE from lyophilized Croatina extracts used for the treatment of the bone filler ( Figure 3 c).…”

“…In the last decades, the development of grafting materials has aroused great interest [ 1 ]. In particular, synthetic ceramic materials such as tricalcium phosphate (βTPC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been widely used thanks to their good reproducibility, biocompatibility, and non-immunogenicity, in addition to their high similarity to components of the native bone mineral phase [ 2 , 3 ]. The mode of action of biomaterials currently available on the market for bone grafting applications mainly relies on a mechanical support and is thus limited to providing a functional scaffold for cell adhesion.…”

Potentials of Polyphenols in Bone-Implant Devices

“…For example, bovine bone-based biomaterials are treated to not completely eliminate the organic portion, so that the final product still contains collagen molecules, which play a role in the promotion of new bone formation [100]. There are also synthetic products containing collagen or its sequences, which are designed to favor the interaction with the cellular components and, thus, the regeneration process [101,102].…”

Evaluation of Bone Regeneration Efficacy in a Rabbit Model of Femoral Condyles Defect by Polyphenols-Containing Bone Filler

“…Synthetic bone fillers, mostly based on calcium phosphate materials, have been widely used due to their good reproducibility, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and also because they offer the opportunity of advanced material engineering [3,4]. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are widely used in bone tissue engineering as bone filler particles [5,6].…”