New, Closely Related Haloarchaeal Viral Elements with Different Nucleic Acid Types

Roine, Elina; Kukkaro, Petra; Paulín, Lars; Laurinavičius, Simonas; Domanska, Aušra; Somerharju, Pentti; Bamford, Dennis H.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01879-09

Cited by 66 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…Comparative analyses revealed that it is remarkably similar to the dsDNA genome of HHPV-1 in both gene content and organization (Fig. 8), leaving no doubt about the evolutionary relationship between these ssDNA and dsDNA viruses (204,236). In addition, the patterns of virion structural proteins were also very similar for HHPV-1 and HRPV-1 (236).…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Such a module is not present in the circular HHPV-1 genome, which instead encodes a putative rolling-circle replication (RCR) initiation protein at an equivalent Fig. 8) (204,236). It therefore seems that His2 or HHPV-1 donated a block of structural protein-coding genes to a linear plasmid and a circular plasmid, respectively, thereby transforming a plasmid into a virus.…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) but not that of His1 (204,236). The predicted genes in the His2 genome are organized into two modules, which are seemingly transcribed in the opposite directions, toward the termini of the linear genome from a central region (Fig.…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to crenarchaeal fuselloviruses (231), these viruses display plasticity in virion morphology, which ranges from spindle shaped to elongated and flattened (for PAV1 [91]) or oblate and pleomorphic (for His2 [15]). Similarly, preparations of the predominantly pleomorphic haloarchaeal virus Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 1 (HHPV-1) occasionally also contain spindle-shaped particles (236).…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, all currently isolated viruses of euryarchaea fall into three morphological groups: (i) head and tail (resembling bacterial viruses of the order Caudovirales), (ii) tailless icosahedral, and (iii) spindle shaped/ pleomorphic (212,236). However, a recent sampling of the viral diversity in saltern ponds, a beloved habitat of halophilic archaea, unveiled that our current knowledge of the diversity of euryarchaeal viruses is far from complete; viral morphotypes previously thought to be specific to crenarchaeal viruses are also present in hypersaline environments (252).…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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216

176

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SUMMARY Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological studies have revealed that it is actually prokaryotic viruses that predominate on our planet and outnumber their hosts by at least an order of magnitude. An understanding of how this viral domain is organized and what are the mechanisms governing its evolution is therefore of great interest and importance. The vast majority of characterized prokaryotic viruses belong to the order Caudovirales, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages with tails. Consequently, these viruses have been studied (and reviewed) extensively from both genomic and functional perspectives. However, albeit numerous, tailed phages represent only a minor fraction of the prokaryotic virus diversity. Therefore, the knowledge which has been generated for this viral system does not offer a comprehensive view of the prokaryotic virosphere. In this review, we discuss all families of bacterial and archaeal viruses that contain more than one characterized member and for which evolutionary conclusions can be attempted by use of comparative genomic analysis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms of their genome evolution as well as on the relationships between different viral groups and plasmids. It becomes clear that evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genomes of prokaryotic viruses vary between different families and depend on the type of the nucleic acid, characteristics of the virion structure, as well as the mode of the life cycle. We also point out that horizontal gene transfer is not equally prevalent in different virus families and is not uniformly unrestricted for diverse viral functions.

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Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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216

176

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Protein Conservation in Virus Evolution

Krupovìč

Bamford

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Evolution of viruses is considerably more rapid than that of the cellular organisms that they infect. The reach of sequence‐based evolutionary studies on viruses is therefore rather limited. The tertiary protein structure is generally conserved over longer time periods than the primary one. Indeed, structural studies proved to be more informative for reconstructing deep evolutionary connections between distantly related viruses. It has become apparent that certain viruses infecting hosts from different domains of life are remarkably similar in their virion assembly and architecture, suggesting a common ancestry for these structurally related viruses. Furthermore, the presence of several distinct architectural principles employed by viruses suggested that the origin of the current virosphere has multiple evolutionary origins. Insights obtained from numerous structural studies may not only be successfully used to refine the existing virus classification scheme, but may also lead to a major shift in our understanding on the origin, evolution and organisation of the viral domain. Key Concepts: Tertiary protein structure is conserved over longer periods of time than the primary one and thus allows recognising deep evolutionary connections between viruses that have diverged in a distant past. The ability to build virions (i.e., presence of capsid proteins) is a hallmark feature of viruses that distinguishes them from other mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and transposons. Structural studies suggest that certain viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes are evolutionarily related. Viral lineage hypothesis predicts a common origin for structurally related viruses, infecting hosts from different domains of life. There are several different viral lineages of structurally distinct viruses, suggesting that the contemporary virosphere has multiple evolutionary origins. The molecular virion complexity shared by viruses in different domains of life suggests that at the time of the last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA) viruses were already very sophisticated.

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H aloferax

Ventosa¹,

Haba²,

Sánchez‐Porro³

2019

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Ha.lo.fe'rax. Gr. n. hals, halos salt; L. neut. adj. ferax fertile; N.L. neut. n. Haloferax salt (requiring) and fertile. Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Haloferax The genus Haloferax is classified within the family Haloferacaceae and the order Haloferacales , in the class Halobacteria . The cells are extremely pleomorphic (most commonly flattened disks or cups) and stain Gram‐negative. Nonmotile or motile; motility often difficult to observe. Colonies are red to red‐orange, red‐pink, or beige‐orange pigmented and may have a mucoid appearance. They are neutrophilic (optimal growth at pH 6.5–8.0) and extremely halophilic Archaea, growing in media containing 1.0–5.1 M NaCl. The polar lipids are characterized by the presence of C 20 C 20 glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), sulfated diglycosyl diether (S‐DGD‐1), and DGD‐1 and the absence of phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS). The DNA G + C content is between 59.1 and 65.5 mol%. Currently, the genus includes 13 species: Haloferax volcanii (type species of the genus), Haloferax alexandrinus , Haloferax chudinovii , Haloferax denitrificans , Haloferax elongans , Haloferax gibbonsii , Haloferax larsenii , Haloferax lucentense, Haloferax mediterranei, Haloferax mucosum, Haloferax namakaokahaiae, Haloferax prahovense , and Haloferax sulfurifontis . The strains of these species were isolated from salt lakes, salterns, and other saline habitats. DNA G + C content (mol % ) : 59.1–65.5. The DNA may contain major and minor components. Type species : Haloferax volcanii Torreblanca et al. 1986, VL22 (Basonym: Halobacterium volcanii Mullakhanbhai and Larsen 1975).

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New, Closely Related Haloarchaeal Viral Elements with Different Nucleic Acid Types

Cited by 66 publications

References 64 publications

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Protein Conservation in Virus Evolution

H aloferax

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