New classification of chemical hazardous liquid waste for the estimation of its energy recovery potential based on existing measurements

Formation and Growth Behavior Analysis of Slagging Rings in Rotary Kiln-Type Hazardous Waste Incineration Systems

“…A similar situation is also found at the outlet flue of the secondary combustion chamber, and the formation and growth of the slagging ring lead to poor negative pressure in the system, which also requires shutdown for treatment, mainly because the injected liquid wastes are typically low calorific salty solutions that usually contain amounts of corrosive alkali metals, chlorine and sulfur [21], which will reduce the melting point of unburned slag, increase the caking properties, and enhance the adhesion of slag on the cold wall of the outlet flue. At the same time, cohesive fly ash and gas-phase metals entering the secondary combustion chamber from the rotary kiln will further enhance the slagging phenomenon at the flue exit of the secondary combustion chamber [22].…”

Green solvents in urban mining

“…Extending the definition of urban wastes [45], one could also worry about industrial process residues, mine tailing [46] or waste waters [47], that are clearly of environmental concern, and may gain importance as the metallic content of exploitable ores will keep decreasing. In addition, a better management of fluxes towards incineration plants would be useful [48].…”

Optimal Design and Management of Industrial Waste-to-Energy Systems

“…Every location is connected to each of the other ones by both rail and road. Information about waste composition and properties has been directly retrieved from incineration plants, if available, or estimated with the method proposed by Bolis et al, 17 otherwise. For modeling purposes, the hazardous liquid residues considered in this study are divided into 12 classes representing waste streams of similar properties and composition, as presented in the Supporting Information.…”

“…Further details about the validity of this assumption are provided as Supporting Information. During inventory, the different waste classes w are considered as immiscible concerning physicochemical properties. This approximation can be used as all incineration-relevant properties are additive with respect to mass (i.e., energy content and elementary amounts), and since density is similar for all classes . Additionally, it is common operational practice to avoid potentially reactive waste mixtures, in order to prevent infrastructure damages and other technical issues. The energy balance is linearized with two inequalities setting upper and lower bounds for the energy input as a function of the incinerated residues, as successfully introduced in previous studies …”

“…Therefore, incineration-relevant physicochemical properties of the residues, such as heating value and composition, are not available for a significant fraction of hazardous waste. Recently, Bolis et al 17 have proposed a methodology for linking waste information from incineration plants to shipment notification data, thus allowing for the estimation of waste properties of uncharacterized liquid hazardous residues. Such knowledge enables the development of optimization tools for the management of industrial waste-to-energy networks, including chemical sites without any treatment facility.…”