New Classes of Systematic Effects in Gas Spin Comagnetometers

Sheng, Dong; Kabcenell, Aaron; Romalis, Michael

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.163002

Cited by 83 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1a). To suppress nuclear-spin frequency shifts we use a Ramsey pump-probe sequence where the 3 He and 129 Xe frequencies are measured in the absence of Rb laser light [17]. In addition, we suppress back-polarization of Rb due to noble gases by a factor of 10 3 using a train of 87 Rb π pulses along bothx andŷ directions.…”

Section: Uses a Train Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This data was obtained by first polarizing 129 Xe along the bias field, then shuttering the pump light and monitoring 87 Rb back-polarization along the bias field using Faraday rotation, while periodically reversing 129 Xe spins [29]. We realize a depolarization factor of 10 4 , about 2 orders of magnitude larger than was achieved using a continuous RF field resonant with 87 Rb atoms in [17]. The comagnetometer is operated in a pump-probe cycle.…”

Section: Uses a Train Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also have practical applications as inertial rotation sensors [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When two different spin ensembles occupy the same volume they experience nearly the same average magnetic field [17]. The ratio of their spin precession frequencies f r = ω He /ω Xe can then be used to measure the inertial rotation rate Ω or a spin coupling beyond the Standard Model b:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
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We describe a 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of 87 Rb π pulses and σ + /σ − optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the 3 He and 129 Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of 3 He to 129 Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve the Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 hours without evidence of significant drift.PACS numbers: 32.30. Dx, 06.30.Gv, 39.90.+d Spin comagnetometers first introduced in [1] are used for several types of fundamental physics experiments, such as tests of Lorentz, CP and CPT symmetries [2][3][4][5] and searches for spin-dependent forces [6][7][8][9][10]. They also have practical applications as inertial rotation sensors [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When two different spin ensembles occupy the same volume they experience nearly the same average magnetic field [17]. The ratio of their spin precession frequencies f r = ω He /ω Xe can then be used to measure the inertial rotation rate Ω or a spin coupling beyond the Standard Model b:( 1) where B 0 is the bias field alongẑ and γ He , γ Xe are the gyromagnetic ratios for 3 He and 129 Xe, which are well known [18]. Since I = 1/2 nuclear spins are free from quadrupolar energy shifts [19], f r provides an absolute measure of non-magnetic spin interactions-this is particularly important in searches for spin-gravity coupling [20] (where the interaction is hard to modulate), and for use as a gyroscope.An alkali-metal magnetometer provides a natural way to detect nuclear-spin signals because Rb atoms are already used to polarize the nuclear spins by spin-exchange collisions; these collisions enhance the classical dipolar field from the nuclear magnetization by a factor κ 0 [21], which is about 5 for Rb-3 He [22] and 500 for Rb-Xe [23]. However, the presence of polarized Rb atoms also causes large noble-gas frequency shifts that affect the accuracy of Eq. (1). In the past, these frequency shifts have been avoided in 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometers by detecting a smaller dipolar field outside of an alkali-free cell using an RF coil [24] or a SQUID magnetometer [25].In this Letter we describe a new method for operating the 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb readout with high sensitivity and accuracy. We develop a 87 Rb magnetometer that can operate in a finite magnetic field of about 5 mG while suppressing Rb-Rb spin-exchange relaxation to increase the magnetometer sensitivity. It

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Section: Uses a Train Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uses a Train Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
125
2
81
0
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“…They also have practical applications as inertial rotation sensors [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When two different spin ensembles occupy the same volume they experience nearly the same average magnetic field [17]. The ratio of their spin precession frequencies f r ¼ ω He =ω Xe can then be used to measure the inertial rotation rate Ω or a spin coupling beyond the standard model b:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To suppress nuclear-spin frequency shifts we use a Ramsey pump-probe sequence where the Xe frequencies are measured in the absence of Rb laser light [17]. In addition, we suppress back polarization of Rb due to noble gases by a factor of 10 3 using a train of…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics

Kimball

2018

Physics

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We describe a 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of 87 Rb π pulses and σ þ =σ − optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the 3 He and 129Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of 3 He to 129 Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 h without evidence of significant drift. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.033401 Spin comagnetometers first introduced in Ref.[1] are used for several types of fundamental physics experiments, such as tests of Lorentz, CP, and CPT symmetries [2][3][4][5] and searches for spin-dependent forces [6][7][8][9][10]. They also have practical applications as inertial rotation sensors [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When two different spin ensembles occupy the same volume they experience nearly the same average magnetic field [17]. The ratio of their spin precession frequencies f r ¼ ω He =ω Xe can then be used to measure the inertial rotation rate Ω or a spin coupling beyond the standard model b:where B 0 is the bias field alongẑ and γ He , γ Xe are the gyromagnetic ratios for 3 He and 129 Xe, which are well known [18]. Since I ¼ 1=2 nuclear spins are free from quadrupolar energy shifts [19], f r provides an absolute measure of nonmagnetic spin interactions-this is particularly important in searches for spin-gravity coupling [20] (where the interaction is hard to modulate), and for use as a gyroscope. An alkali-metal magnetometer provides a natural way to detect nuclear-spin signals because Rb atoms are already used to polarize the nuclear spins by spin-exchange collisions; these collisions enhance the classical dipolar field from the nuclear magnetization by a factor κ 0 [21], which is about 5 for Rb- However, the presence of polarized Rb atoms also causes large noble-gas frequency shifts that affect the accuracy of Eq. (1). In the past, these frequency shifts have been avoided in 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometers by detecting a smaller dipolar field outside of an alkali-free cell using a rf coil [24] or a SQUID magnetometer [25].In this Letter we describe a new method for operating the 3 He- 129Xe comagnetometer using 87Rb readout with high sensitivity and accuracy. We develop a 87Rb magnetometer that can operate in a finite magnetic field of about 5 mG while suppressing Rb-Rb spin-exchange relaxation to increase the magnetometer sensitivity. It uses a train of 87

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Measurement of the Ratio between g‐Factors of the Ground States of 87Rb and 85Rb

et al. 2018

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The ratio between the Landé g-factors of the 87 Rb F = 2 and 85 Rb F = 3 ground-state hyperfine levels is experimentally measured to be g F (87)/g F (85) = 1.4988586(1), consistent with previous measurements. The g-factor ratio is determined by comparing the Larmor frequencies of overlapping ensembles of 87 Rb and 85 Rb atoms contained within an evacuated, antirelaxation-coated vapor cell. The atomic spins are polarized via synchronous optical pumping and the Larmor frequencies are measured by off-resonant probing using optical rotation of linearly polarized light. The accuracy of this measurement of g F (87)/g F (85) exceeds that of previous measurements by a factor of ≈50 and is sensitive to effects related to quantum electrodynamics.

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New Classes of Systematic Effects in Gas Spin Comagnetometers

Cited by 83 publications

References 44 publications

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
125
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
125
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics

Measurement of the Ratio between g‐Factors of the Ground States of 87Rb and 85Rb

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New Classes of Systematic Effects in Gas Spin Comagnetometers

Cited by 83 publications

References 44 publications

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using Limes1, Sheng2, Romalis3 2018Phys. Rev. Lett.Self Cite1252810View full textAdd to dashboardCite

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using Limes1, Sheng2, Romalis3 2018Phys. Rev. Lett.Self Cite1252810View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics

Measurement of the Ratio between g‐Factors of the Ground States of 87Rb and 85Rb

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Product

Resources

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He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
125
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
125
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite