New chemical treatment of bentonite for the preparation of polypropylene nanocomposites by melt intercalation

Libório, Patrícia; Oliveira, Vinicius A.; Marques, Maria de Fátima Vieira

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.04.003

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, it has low mechanical properties and does not have any functions, which restrict its application ranges [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Current studies reinforce PP in order to have greater mechanical properties; reinforcing materials include rigid particles fillers, such as nanoclay [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], calcium carbonate [ 9 ], and silicon dioxide [ 10 , 11 ], as well as short fibers, such as glass fiber, carbon fiber [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and basalt fiber [ 18 ]. In particular, short glass fiber causes PP to be the strongest mechanically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene/Short Glass Fibers Composites: Effects of Coupling Agents on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Behaviors, and Morphology

et al. 2015

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This study uses the melt compounding method to produce polypropylene (PP)/short glass fibers (SGF) composites. PP serves as matrix while SGF serves as reinforcement. Two coupling agents, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, (PP-g-MA) and maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS-g-MA) are incorporated in the PP/SGF composites during the compounding process, in order to improve the interfacial adhesion and create diverse desired properties of the composites. According to the mechanical property evaluations, increasing PP-g-MA as a coupling agent provides the composites with higher tensile, flexural, and impact properties. In contrast, increasing SEBS-g-MA as a coupling agent provides the composites with decreasing tensile and flexural strengths, but also increasing impact strength. The DSC results indicate that using either PP-g-MA or SEBS-g-MA as the coupling agent increases the crystallization temperature. However, the melting temperature of PP barely changes. The spherulitic morphology results show that PP has a smaller spherulite size when it is processed with PP-g-MA or SEBS-g-MA as the coupling agent. The SEM results indicate that SGF is evenly distributed in PP matrices, but there are distinct voids between these two materials, indicating a poor interfacial adhesion. After PP-g-MA or SEBS-g-MA is incorporated, SGF can be encapsulated by PP, and the voids between them are fewer and indistinctive. This indicates that the coupling agents can effectively improve the interfacial compatibility between PP and SGF, and as a result improves the diverse properties of PP/SGF composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene/Short Glass Fibers Composites: Effects of Coupling Agents on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Behaviors, and Morphology

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Liborio et al applied a treatment method for bentonite and they fabricated BNT filled polypropylene based composites using extrusion process. 30 Flame resistance properties of BNT containing polyethylene composites were also studied by several researchers in the literature. [31][32][33][34] Polyethylene-based composites containing low cost fillers may have great potential for several applications from packaging to ordinary plastic parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and mechanical performance of bentonite and barite loaded low density polyethylene composites: Influence of surface silanization of minerals

Elkawash

Tirkeş

Hacıoğlu³

et al. 2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this study, two kinds of mineral fillers, bentonite (BNT) and barite (BRT), were incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) by extrusion process. Silane treatment was applied to BRT and BNT surfaces in order to increase their compatibility with LDPE matrix. Surface characteristics of fillers were examined by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). LDPE-based composites were prepared at a constant concentration of 10%wt for each additives. Test samples were shaped by injection molding process. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, water repellency, melt-flow and morphological characterizations of LDPE and its composites were performed by tensile and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water absorption test, melt flow index (MFI) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, respectively. Test results showed that surface treatments led to increase for final properties of composites since they promoted to stronger adhesion between minerals and LDPE matrix compared to untreated ones. Tensile and impact strength values, storage modulus and glass transition temperature of LDPE were improved by inclusion of silane treated minerals. BRT and BNT additions caused no remarkable changes with regard to MFI of LDPE. Additionally, silane modified mineral filled composites exhibited remarkable water resistance behavior. According to SEM analysis of composites, silane treated BNT and BRT containing samples displayed homogeneous dispersions into LDPE phase whereas debondings were observed for untreated BNT and BRT filled composites due to their weak adhesion to polymer matrix.

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“…Bentonite has a potential of use as an additive for polymers due to having high level of plasticity [13]. In the literature, several polymers are compounded with bentonite including polyethylene [21][22][23][24], polypropylene [25][26][27], polystyrene [28], polycarbonate [29], and styrene-butyl-acrylate copolymer [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Turkish Bentonite Mineral as an Additive for Poly(lactic Acid) Based Bio-Composite Materials

Dike

2020

Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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In this study, Turkish bentonite (BN) mineral is subjected to silane treatment in order to enhance its compatibility for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Neat and surface silanized BN powders are compounded with PLA using melt blending process at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Surface characteristics of BN samples are examined by infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, water resistance, melt flow and morphological investigations of composites are performed by tensile and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water absorption test, melt flow rate test (MFR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. Mechanical test results show that BN additions lead to increase in tensile strength and modulus of PLA. The maximum improvement is obtained for 15 wt% of silanized BN containing composite. Silanized BN filled PLA displays higher impact performance compared to untreated BN sample. Impact energy values of composites increase with increase in loading ratio. Silanized BN containing composite with 20 wt% concentration gives the highest storage modulus according to the DMA study. Glass transition temperature of PLA is improved by the inclusions of all BN samples. Additions of BN make slight decreases on MFR value of PLA. However, these reductions are found to be negligible in terms of its effect on processing of material. Water uptakes of composites are found to be higher than that of PLA. Composites containing silanized BN have lower water absorption values than neat BN samples due to the hydrophobicity of silicon containing surface. SEM characterization reveals that more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix is observed for silane treated BN compared to neat BN particles thanks to improvement of interfacial adhesion between BN and PLA matrix.

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New chemical treatment of bentonite for the preparation of polypropylene nanocomposites by melt intercalation

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Polypropylene/Short Glass Fibers Composites: Effects of Coupling Agents on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Behaviors, and Morphology

Polypropylene/Short Glass Fibers Composites: Effects of Coupling Agents on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Behaviors, and Morphology

Physical and mechanical performance of bentonite and barite loaded low density polyethylene composites: Influence of surface silanization of minerals

Use of Turkish Bentonite Mineral as an Additive for Poly(lactic Acid) Based Bio-Composite Materials

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