Abstract:Implementing sophisticated voltage controls of wind farms may provide manifold benefits such as reducing losses of the distribution network (DNET) and harvesting network (HNET), increasing the wind hosting capacity of transmission networks (TNETs) and reducing wind curtailments. However, it represents an enormous challenge since wind energy is dispersed increasing the complexity of the required centralised control systems. This study contains a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the huge research that is… Show more
“…40 These advantages come at an economic cost since the FPC is more expensive at doing the same job as the PC. [38][39][40][41][42][43] It may be argued that the cost may be justified in the light of challenging grid codes which may become more stringent in the future, beyond the present capabilities of the PC. Then again, the PC technology is continually improving and innovating to meet possible future challenges.…”
Section: Influence Of Turbine Control Power Converters and Grid Rmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chief of these requirement are fault‐ride through, reactive power, frequency, and voltage control . These advantages come at an economic cost since the FPC is more expensive at doing the same job as the PC . It may be argued that the cost may be justified in the light of challenging grid codes which may become more stringent in the future, beyond the present capabilities of the PC.…”
Section: Influence Of Turbine Control Power Converters and Grid Reqmentioning
Summary
At the end of 2018 the total global installed wind turbine capacity stood at approximately 592 GW; 96% of these installations are located onshore. Yet, an additional 267 GW of onshore capacity is projected to be installed by the end of 2023. This is envisaged to open up more opportunities in the development of onshore wind turbine generator (WTG). Therefore, this survey article brings together variable‐speed onshore WTG topologies, alongside their applicable drivetrains and converter technologies. Spotlight is on their merits and respective limitations which create opportunities and challenges in their deployments in commercial installations. It also evaluates and discusses a new development in the most widely deployed onshore WTG topology and concludes by identifying the single biggest development driver. [Correction added on 22 January 2020, after first online publication: The first sentence of the Summary heading has been corrected and updated online.]
“…40 These advantages come at an economic cost since the FPC is more expensive at doing the same job as the PC. [38][39][40][41][42][43] It may be argued that the cost may be justified in the light of challenging grid codes which may become more stringent in the future, beyond the present capabilities of the PC. Then again, the PC technology is continually improving and innovating to meet possible future challenges.…”
Section: Influence Of Turbine Control Power Converters and Grid Rmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chief of these requirement are fault‐ride through, reactive power, frequency, and voltage control . These advantages come at an economic cost since the FPC is more expensive at doing the same job as the PC . It may be argued that the cost may be justified in the light of challenging grid codes which may become more stringent in the future, beyond the present capabilities of the PC.…”
Section: Influence Of Turbine Control Power Converters and Grid Reqmentioning
Summary
At the end of 2018 the total global installed wind turbine capacity stood at approximately 592 GW; 96% of these installations are located onshore. Yet, an additional 267 GW of onshore capacity is projected to be installed by the end of 2023. This is envisaged to open up more opportunities in the development of onshore wind turbine generator (WTG). Therefore, this survey article brings together variable‐speed onshore WTG topologies, alongside their applicable drivetrains and converter technologies. Spotlight is on their merits and respective limitations which create opportunities and challenges in their deployments in commercial installations. It also evaluates and discusses a new development in the most widely deployed onshore WTG topology and concludes by identifying the single biggest development driver. [Correction added on 22 January 2020, after first online publication: The first sentence of the Summary heading has been corrected and updated online.]
“…Recently, the penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and photovoltaic generation has increased at a rapid rate in smart distribution networks. Among others, wind power generation has been one of the fastest developing clean technologies, reaching a considerable penetration level in the energy mix which in turn imposes new challenges in operation management of power systems due to its intermittent nature [1,2]. These challenges are critical in microgrids, where uncertainties are higher due to minimal aggregation and smoothing effects [3].…”
This paper presents a risk-constrained scheduling optimization model for a grid-connected hybrid microgrid including demand response (DR), electric vehicles (EVs), variable wind power generation and dispatchable generation units. The proposed model determines optimal scheduling of dispatchable units, interactions with the main grid as well as adjustable responsive loads and EVs demand to maximize the expected microgrid operator’s profit under different scenarios. The uncertainties of day-ahead (DA) market prices, wind power production and demands of customers and EVs are considered in this study. To address these uncertainties, conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) as a risk measurement tool is added to the optimization model to evaluate the risk of profit loss and to indicate decision attitudes in different conditions. The proposed method is finally applied to a typical hybrid microgrid with flexible demand-side resources and its applicability and effectives are verified over different working conditions with uncertainties.
“…Currently, a new context of power generation based on distributed generation (DG) has motivated the search for alternative energy sources (solar, wind, fuel cell, among others) to replace and/or complement the existing traditional energy sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas [1][2][3][4][5].…”
It is well-known that performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems can be severely deteriorated when PV arrays are subjected to partial shading conditions, once the traditional techniques used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) could not operate in the global maximum power point (GMPP). Thus, to overcome this problem and achieve the GMPP, four MPPT techniques bio-inspired in the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) are presented. These MPPT techniques, which are named as GWO, GWO-Beta, GWO-IC (Incremental Conductance), and GWO-P&O (Perturb and Observe), are evaluated and compared to each other by employing a double-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system, which is composed of DC/DC converter and three-phase inverter. Commonly, the DC-bus voltage regulation of double-stage PV systems presents slow dynamic behaviour to avoid disturbances in the currents injected into the grid. As a result, MPPT algorithms suffer with this problem since they must be executed considering this condition. To overcome this problem, a feed-forward control loop (FFCL) is implemented to improve the DC-bus voltage regulation during abrupt solar irradiance changes, as well as accelerating the MPPT algorithms dynamics. By means of extensive experimental and simulation results, the performance and effectiveness of the four MPPT techniques, as well as the FFCL, are evaluated.
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