New causes and treatments for infectious diarrhea in children

Rudolph, Jeffrey A.; Cohen, Mitchell B.

doi:10.1007/s11894-999-0041-3

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Numerous long-lasting physical complications can result from infectious diarrhea. For example, bacteremia can result from infection by Salmonella or Campylobacter, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can follow infection by Shigella or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (a subset of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli or STEC) [73]. Guillain-Barré syndrome, a debilitating auto-immune disorder, can occur subsequent to infection by Campylobacter jejuni [74,75].…”

Section: Secondary Effects Of Diarrheal Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheal Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Incidence, Prevention and Management

Åhs¹,

Tao²,

Löfgren³

et al. 2010

TOIDJ

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Diarrheal diseases due to infection constitute a major burden of disease. Dehydration resulting from diarrhea can be fatal. It is the cause of approximately 1.8 million deaths every year. The vast majority of these deaths are of children under five years of age living in low-and middle-income countries. Interventions to prevent diarrhea include provision of safe water, hand washing, the use of sanitation facilities, exclusive breastfeeding of infants and rotavirus vaccination. Diagnosis is guided by symptoms into one of three categories: acute watery diarrhea, dysentery or bloody diarrhea, or persistent diarrhea of longer than 2 weeks in duration. Treatment of diarrhea in children includes oral rehydration with a pre-formulated solution or with fluids that can be prepared and administered in the home. Zinc supplementation is recommended. Only in certain circumstances are antibiotics advised and anti-motility agents are discouraged. The lives of many children could be saved with proper case management of diarrhea. With immediate and sustained actions to decrease both the incidence and mortality attributed to diarrhea, the burden of this prominent public health threat could be dramatically reduced. Escherichia coliE. coli are a varied group of organisms including both pathogenic and harmless strains. The infectious types are grouped according to factors that characterize their pathogenic mechanism. Enterotoxigenic E. coliEnterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a common cause of diarrhea in infants and children in developing countries and the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea [47,48]. The infectious dose required for ETEC infection is quite large

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Section: Secondary Effects Of Diarrheal Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheal Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Incidence, Prevention and Management

Åhs¹,

Tao²,

Löfgren³

et al. 2010

TOIDJ

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Role of serotonin in the intestinal mucosal epithelium barrier in weaning mice undergoing stress-induced diarrhea

et al. 2017

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Stress-induced diarrhea is a frequent and challenging threat to humans and domestic animals. Serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to be involved in the pathological process of stress-induced diarrhea. However, the role of 5-HT in stress-induced diarrhea remains unclear. A stress-induced diarrhea model was established in 21-day-old ICR weaning mice through an intragastric administration of 0.25 mL of 0.4 g/mL folium sennae and restraint of the hind legs with adhesive tape for 4 h to determine whether 5-HT regulates the mucosal barrier to cause diarrhea. Mice with decreased levels of 5-HT were pretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor. After 5 days of treatment, the stress level, body weight and intestinal mucosal morphology indexes were measured. Compared to the controls, the mice with stress-induced diarrhea displayed a stress reaction, with increased corticosterone levels, as well as increased 5-HT-positive cells. However, the mice with stress-induced diarrhea exhibited decreased body weights, villus height to crypt depth ratios (V/C), and Occludin and Claudin1 expression. The PCPA injection reversed these effects in mice with different degrees of stress-induced diarrhea. Based on these findings, inhibition of 5-HT synthesis relieved the stress response and improved the health of the intestinal tract, including both the intestinal absorption capacity, as determined by the villus height and crypt depth, and the mucosal barrier function, as determined by the tight junction proteins of epithelial cell.

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Diarrheal (Diarrhoeal) Diseases

Karnsakul

Lifschitz

2003

Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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New causes and treatments for infectious diarrhea in children

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Diarrheal Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Incidence, Prevention and Management

Diarrheal Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Incidence, Prevention and Management

Role of serotonin in the intestinal mucosal epithelium barrier in weaning mice undergoing stress-induced diarrhea

Diarrheal (Diarrhoeal) Diseases

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