Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) can form hydrogen bonds
with each
other, creating strong, flexible films with good oxygen barrier properties.
However, they are vulnerable to the water-induced loss of film integrity.
Targeted modification with phenolic acids can improve their hydrophobicity,
provide active functionality for food packaging applications, and
reduce their susceptibility to moisture. In this study, precasted
CNF films were esterified with cinnamic acid and its derivatives using
two different esterification methods. The modified films were investigated
for the evidence of esterification, changes in hydrophobicity, mechanical
properties, and capacity to increase the shelf life of model foods.
Modification techniques utilized resulted in esterification of CNF
films; with films acquiring antioxidant activity (80 ± 9% DPPH
radical scavenging activity) and significantly increased hydrophobicity
(101 ± 4° water contact angle) as compared to control CNF
films. Overall, esterification of CNF films with cinnamic acid or
its derivatives significantly reduced the films’ susceptibility
to water while also providing important added functionality.