New Brilliant Blue G Derivative as Pharmacological Tool in Retinal Surgery

Abstract

Our study was aimed at assessing the retinal binding of a new synthetic Brilliant Blue G (BBG) derivative (pure benzyl-Brilliant Blue G; PBB) ophthalmic formulation, to improve vitreoretinal surgery procedure. Protein affinity of the new molecule was evaluated in vitro (cell-free assay) and in silico. Furthermore, an ex vivo model of vitreoretinal surgery was developed by using porcine eyes to assess the pharmacological profile of PBB, compared to commercial formulations based on BBG and methyl-BBG (Me-BBG). PBB showed a higher affinity for proteins (p < 0.05), compared to BBG and Me-BBG. In vitro and in silico studies demonstrated that the high selectivity of PBB could be related to high lipophilicity and binding affinity to fibronectin, the main component of the retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM). The PBB staining capabilities were evaluated in porcine eyes in comparison with BBG and Me-BBG. Forty microliters of each formulation were slowly placed over the retinal surface and removed after 30 s. After that, ILM peeling was carried out, and the retina collected. BBG, Me-BBG, and PBB quantification in ILM and retina tissues was carried out by HPLC analysis. PBB levels in the ILM were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to BBG and Me-BBG formulations. On the contrary, PBB showed a much lower (p < 0.05) distribution in retina (52 ng/mg tissue) compared to BBG and Me-BBG, in particular PBB levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Therefore, the new synthetic Brilliant Blue derivative (PBB) showed a great ILM selectivity in comparison to underneath retinal layers. In conclusion, these findings had high translational impact with a tangible improving in ex vivo model of retinal surgery, suggesting a future use during surgical practice.

Safety Profile of Lutein- Versus Triamcinolone Acetonide–Based Vitreous Staining

“…For this reason, the use of selective dyes during ERM or ILM surgery can minimize the potential toxicity on retinal tissue. 51 Based on the assumption that the interaction between different compounds may have to be considered to assess more reliably the potential harmful effect of the whole surgical procedure, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of sequential exposure to the formulations and PFD. Although in all of the experiments the combination of TA-based formulations with PFD reduced cell viability, sequential treatment with LB-VD and PFD was the best tolerated condition.…”

Macular toxicity of vital dye after pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane: A case report

“… 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 Therefore, BBG and TB were used as an alternative with a good safety profile demonstrated in vitro and in vivo . 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 Membrane Blue-Dual (MBD) contains a combination of 4% polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to facilitate sedimentation on the retina, 0.025% Brilliant Blue G (0,125 mg) and 0.15% Trypan Blue (0,75 mg) and has a heavier molecular weight than TB or BBG. Although commonly used because of its high level of purity and favorable biocompatibility, 19 , 20 several cases of decreased BCVA and outer retinal damage following macular hole surgeries using TB, BBG or MBD have been published.…”

Complement C3 deficiency alleviates alkylation-induced retinal degeneration in mice

“…Antioxidants have been found to partially alleviate the progression of retinal degeneration in rd1 mice (an RP model) [ 6 ]. A previous study also reported that retinal photoreceptor cells express P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7R) and that the P2X7 antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG), an approved adjuvant used in ocular surgery, prevents photoreceptor cell damage [ 7 ]. It has also been proven that DNA damage repair is tightly linked to retinal degeneration [ 8 ].…”