New Arrangement for Regulating Flow of Liquid Into a Culture Vessel

Zinzadze, Ch.

doi:10.1126/science.81.2109.540

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As has been emphasized by CHRISTIANSEN, VEIHMEYER, and GIVAN (4), and also by ZINZADZE (17), the rate of water passage through a narrow orifice may fluctuate considerably on account of changes in viscosity of water, due to temperature changes. To avoid such temperature effects in a device of the type here described it would be necessary to introduce some arrangement by which the water temperature within the annular space might always be the same, or to readjust the orifice from time to time according to temperature changes.…”

Section: Experimentation General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME TO CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN CONTINUOUSLY AERATED MALT-AGAR CULTURES OF POLYSTICTUS VERSICOLOR

Scheffer

1936

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Experimentation General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME TO CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN CONTINUOUSLY AERATED MALT-AGAR CULTURES OF POLYSTICTUS VERSICOLOR

Scheffer

1936

Plant Physiol.

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“…The method usually employed in botanical laboratories for supplying a regulated flow of solution to a culture vessel is by the use of a capillary resistance device, as summarized by ZINzADzE (3). Another method, recently employed by the writer (1), is by the use of wicks disposed over the edge of a constant level tank.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Metering Pump for Small Volumes of Solution

Raines

1939

Plant Physiol.

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The method usually employed in botanical laboratories for supplying a regulated flow of solution to a culture vessel is by the use of a capillary resistance device, as summarized by ZINzADzE (3). Another method, recently employed by the writer (1), is by the use of wicks disposed over the edge of a constant level tank. Both methods are extremely simple. Many workers, however, find them quite onerous on account of the developed skill and dexterity required for adjusting the rate of the solution flow, and the liability to decrease or stoppage of flow owing to the clogging of the small orifices or fine capillary channels employed. For such workers the use of a metering pump is indicated.The metering pump here described was devised for use in connection with the modified set-up for wick culture (2). It is believed that as described, or in modified form, it will probably be found advantageous also in other situations in the laboratory. It will be noted that the pump has only one moving part. There are no valves nor tripping mechanism which may get stuck, and no small orifices which may become clogged. The solution, in its path through the apparatus, need not come into contact with any material other than glass.The essential features of construction of the apparatus are illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying figure, in which A is a view from the side, showing details of the entire assembly, and B a representation as seen from the front of only the measuring cup (a) with its outflow tube (b) and the constant level tank (h). The arrows in B indicate the path of travel of the measuring cup-through a eireular path in a vertical plane. At the bottom of this path the cup is dipped into the solution contained in the constant level tank (h), anid towards the top of the path the liquid contained in the cup drains down the outflow tube (b) and out its open end into the funnel tube (j), from which it flows into the culture vessel below (not shown).The pump is driven by a small synchronous electric motor (g)' mounted by means of clamps (not shown) on the rod (n) of a laboratory stand. This motor is sufficiently powerful to handle measuring cups of a capacity up to 10 ml. The capacitv of the cup may be reduced any desired amount by the simple expedient of inserting wads of glass wool into it. Regulation of rate 1 A "time machine"I obtained from the Hansen Manufacturing Co., of Princeton, Indiana. These small motors cost less than $2.00 each, and are obtainable from stock in a variety of set speeds from 4i revolutions per minute to 1 revolution per day.

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The Investigation of Plant Nutrition by Artificial Culture Methods

Arnon

Hoagland

1944

Biological Reviews

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Summary This review presents a general survey of artificial culture methods employed in the investigation of plant nutrition. Several types are described, including liquid‐culture methods and those which depend on a solid inert medium. The advantages of artificial culture procedures for growing plants are pointed out, as one means of studying soil‐plant interrelations, as well as various questions in plant physiology and plant biochemistry. These methods have been indispensable in the study of the chemical elements essential to the growth of higher plants, especially of those elements needed in minute quantities. The techniques of artificial culture are also of great value for the investigation of the absorption of ions by roots. These techniques serve likewise for inquiries into the interreactions of climatic conditions and mineral nutrients. Among other topics considered are the application of artificial culture methods to researches on the functions in plant metabolism of inorganic nutrients, the role of colloids in absorption of ions, horticultural and agronomical problems, and commercial production of crops.

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New Arrangement for Regulating Flow of Liquid Into a Culture Vessel

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME TO CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN CONTINUOUSLY AERATED MALT-AGAR CULTURES OF POLYSTICTUS VERSICOLOR

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME TO CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN CONTINUOUSLY AERATED MALT-AGAR CULTURES OF POLYSTICTUS VERSICOLOR

A Metering Pump for Small Volumes of Solution

The Investigation of Plant Nutrition by Artificial Culture Methods

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