New approaches to the development of high-performance hydrocarbon propellants

Савоськин, М. В.; Kapkan, L. M.; Vaiman, G. E.; Vdovichenko, A. N.; Gorkunenko, O. A.; Yaroshenko, A. P.; Popov, A. F.; Mashchenko, A.N.; Tkachev, V.A.; Voloshin, M. L.; Potapov, Yu. F.

doi:10.1134/s1070427207010065

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For fused or caged hydrocarbons containing three-and four-membered rings, their density and heat of combustion are improved, which can enhance the performance of hydrocarbon propellants [5][6][7][8].T hus, it can be expected that the use of polycyclic and framework hydrocarbons with small rings as propellants can further enhance the energy characteristics of rockets owing to high 1 and increasing heat of combustion of these propellants. The value of I SP changes with chain length, although it is not al ow one, but three-and four-membered rings can increase the performance [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment of Some Isomers of Saturated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons for Use as Jet Fuels

Keshavarz

Monjezi

Esmailpour

et al. 2014

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The performance of jet fuel depends on the density (ρ), condensed phase heat of formation (▵fH°(c)), and specific impulse (ISP). Exo‐tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decane (C10H16) or JP‐10 is now used as a suitable synthetic liquid jet fuel because it has the approximated values of ρ=1.1 g cm−3 and ▵fH°(c)=− 123 kJ mol−1 and a broad range between the melting and boiling points, i.e. Tbp–Tmp=196.2 K. This work introduces a suitable pathway for calculation of the values of ρ, ▵fH°(c), and ISP of 13 well‐known isomers of JP‐10 and a series of saturated polycyclic hydrocarbons with general formula of CnHn′ (5≤n≤12) in order to specify high performance jet fuels. Although 13 compounds have larger values of ISP*ρ than JP‐10, only two compounds, tetraspiro[2.0.0.0.2.1.1.1]undecane and tetracyclo[3.2.0.0(2,7).0(4,6)]heptane, are suitable as jet fuels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment of Some Isomers of Saturated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons for Use as Jet Fuels

Keshavarz

Monjezi

Esmailpour

et al. 2014

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…For these purposes, both FAMEs and terpenes contain groups that can be further functionalized. The alkene groups of unsaturated fatty esters, turpentine components, and limonenes are suitable for the introduction of strained rings such as cyclopropane groups to increase the energetic content (cyclopropane possesses a strain energy of 27.5 kJ/mol relative to cyclohexane) . Furthermore, cyclopropanation is expected to help prevent reactions at the biallylic positions of unsaturated fatty esters (thus preventing degradation over time), while maintaining the bent conformation that results in lower cloud points than those for saturated fatty esters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Cyclopropanate or Not To Cyclopropanate? A Look at the Effect of Cyclopropanation on the Performance of Biofuels

Langlois

Lebel

2010

Energy Fuels

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The cyclopropanated derivatives of three diesel-compatible biofuels;limonene, turpentine, and canola oil methyl ester;were prepared. Their heats of combustion were both calculated using theoretical methods and measured experimentally, and it was found that for all three compounds the specific energy (in kJ/g) was similar to that of the starting materials, while the energy density (in kJ/mL) was 3-4% higher, which is slightly lower than that for the predicted values. For canola oil methyl ester, the effect of cyclopropanation on the accelerated oxidation stability was also studied, and similar trends in viscosity were observed for both the starting material and the cyclopropanated product, while no degradation of the cyclopropane groups was observed and only residual alkene groups had shown any sign of reaction, hinting that the increase in the viscosity observed with unsaturated fatty esters upon oxidation may not be directly related to autoxidation of the fatty acid chains.

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Structurally Flexible C₃‐Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self‐Assembly Properties

Singh

Sun

2015

The Chemical Record

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The bioinspired design and synthesis of building blocks and their assemblies by the supramolecular approach has ever fascinated scientists to utilize such artificial systems for numerous purposes. Flexibility is a basic feature of natural systems. However, in artificial systems this is difficult to control, especially if there is no preorganization of the component(s) of a system. We have designed and synthesized a series of C3 -symmetric N-bridged flexible receptors and successfully utilized them to selectively entrap the notorious and toxic nitrate anion in aqueous medium. This was the first report of highest binding affinity for the nitrate anion in aqueous medium. An impressive self-sorting phenomenon of reversibly formed hydrogen-bonded capsules, which self-assembled from flexible tripodal receptors having branches of similar size and bearing the same amide functionality, has been disclosed. Encapsulated nitrate anion has been further utilized for the photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of strained four-membered ring structures through dynamic self-assembly. In this Personal Account, we summarize these results showing the utility of naturally inspired flexibility in artificial systems.

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New approaches to the development of high-performance hydrocarbon propellants

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Performance Assessment of Some Isomers of Saturated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons for Use as Jet Fuels

Performance Assessment of Some Isomers of Saturated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons for Use as Jet Fuels

To Cyclopropanate or Not To Cyclopropanate? A Look at the Effect of Cyclopropanation on the Performance of Biofuels

Structurally Flexible C₃‐Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self‐Assembly Properties

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New approaches to the development of high-performance hydrocarbon propellants

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Performance Assessment of Some Isomers of Saturated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons for Use as Jet Fuels

Performance Assessment of Some Isomers of Saturated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons for Use as Jet Fuels

To Cyclopropanate or Not To Cyclopropanate? A Look at the Effect of Cyclopropanation on the Performance of Biofuels

Structurally Flexible C3‐Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self‐Assembly Properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Structurally Flexible C₃‐Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self‐Assembly Properties