New approaches to obtaining scientific innovation in morphological studies of bladder transitional epithelium

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the capabilities of cluster analysis in receiving scientific innovation results in morphological studies of cells of the bladder urothelium.Materials and methods.10 Wistar rats were used. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; electron microscope studies were conducted; morphometry was performed in ImageJ and statistics – in studio-R using nonparametric methods and multivariate statistics.Results. A brief description of the main stages of cluster analysis shows way to determine the most important features of uroteliocytes and to reveal their heterogeneity, algorithms of Euclidean metrics and methods of clustering were described, the features of the application of the analysis in morphological studies were presented, an example of using these methods in searching for new results was presented, the models of morphological substantiation of clustering results were showed. Conclusion: 1) cluster analysis provides a scientific novelty in studies of transitional epithelium of the bladder; 2) it is used in case of heterogeneity of cellular composition of urothelium that is detected with a help of coefficient of variation; 3) the most significant features of uroteliocytes are their cell area and their nuclei area; 4) new results on the number of clusters were obtained by method of Ward, and new data on their indicators – by k-means; 5) Euclidean metric is the best to use; 6) to assess the adequacy of the results pairwise comparisons between multiple clusters were carried out according to their indicators; 7) results are presented in dimentional projection and they characterize cellular composition of the urothelium as structural system and detect systemic effects.

Cluster Analysis of Myelin Nerve Fibers of the Periferal Nerve

“…Figure 3 shows that in the cluster structure of the sciatic nerve of the rat CLs do not overlap each other, while located next to each other and are not separated by areas of empty space. This indicates that the MNFs of all CLs together form a single structural system [7,19,21] -myeloarchitectonics The centers of the clusters are located along the ascending line, which is characteristic of the normal structural systems [21]. The elements of CL 3 are most diffusely placed, many of them deviate significantly from its center.…”