New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives

Abstract

Cancer is a global health problem responsible for one in six deaths worldwide. Treating cancer has been a highly complex process. Conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have been in use, while significant advances are being made in recent times, including stem cell therapy, targeted therapy, ablation therapy, nanoparticles, natural antioxidants, radionics, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Current methods in oncology focus on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Stem cell therapy has brought promising efficacy in regenerating and repairing diseased or damaged tissues by targeting both primary and metastatic cancer foci, and nanoparticles brought new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Targeted therapy possessed breakthrough potential inhibiting the growth and spread of specific cancer cells, causing less damage to healthy cells. Ablation therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure that burns or freezes cancers without the need for open surgery. Natural antioxidants demonstrated potential tracking down free radicals and neutralizing their harmful effects thereby treating or preventing cancer. Several new technologies are currently under research in clinical trials, and some of them have already been approved. This review presented an update on recent advances and breakthroughs in cancer therapies.

Update in TIGIT Immune-Checkpoint Role in Cancer

“…Cancer treatments are traditionally based on surgery, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy ( 167 ). Immune inflammatory modulation-based therapy, or more simply immunotherapy, has lately emerged as a novel therapeutic arm with enormous potential, particularly in the treatment of cancer chemo-radiotherapy resistance ( 168 , 169 ).…”

Targeting the innate immune system with nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy

“…Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays, such as X-rays, to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. 3 Although it has been successful to some extent to treat cancer with one treatment method alone or with a combination of different treatment methods, the desired success rate in cancer treatment has not yet been achieved. 4 The main reason for this failure is the severe adverse effects caused by the treatment strategies, particularly for chemotherapy, on healthy tissues and organs.…”

“…In order to overcome these adverse effects and provide more effective cancer treatment with lower doses of active ingredients, different treatment strategies have been developed, including targeted therapies, hormonal therapy, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and recently developed immunotherapy. 3,4 Immunotherapy is defined as a type of biotherapy and is based on the sensitization of the patient's innate and adaptive immune system to cancer, which increases selectivity and reduces side effects. 5,6 The prevalence of cancer immunotherapy in clinical trials has led to the selection of cancer immunotherapy as the ''2013 Breakthrough of the Year'' by Science.…”

Gasotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment: Impacts on cancer chemotherapy (Review)

“…Among different clinical disorders, cancer is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases ( 1 ). Different approaches and strategies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy and small molecule-targeted therapy, have been studied and applied to target and treat cancer ( 2 , 3 ).…”