New Applications of Microbial Products

Demain, Arnold L.

doi:10.1126/science.6337397

Cited by 53 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Secondary metabolites of streptomycetes have also been reported as potential bioherbicidal agents against mono-and dicotyledenous plants (Demain, 1983). Most work has centered on using fungal antagonists or microbial toxins against diseases and weeds that have a visibly dramatic effect on crop plants and yields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of inhibitory pseudomonads in the Pacific Northwest

Cherrington

Elliott

1987

Plant Soil

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Incidence of pseudomonads inhibitory to the root growth of till and no-till seeded crops winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea ( Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), and no-till winter barley (Hordeum vulgare), top and bottom of a seeded slope, and on the weed downy brome (Bromus tectorum) was investigated. Pseudomonads on the rhizoplane of these plants ranged from 10 6 to l0 8 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram dry weight of root. Neither tillage management nor site on a seeded slope affected colonizing numbers. Total numbers of pseudomonads were reduced in a second sampling, particularly on winter barley roots. However, more inhibitory pseudomonads were found in the second sampling. Several of the isolates, both inhibitory and stimulatory from different host plants, were bioassayed against winter wheat seedlings. Generally, the effect was different on the winter wheat than on the host plant indicating the organisms had some specificity. Several pseudomonads were isolated that severely reduced downy brome root growth and not that of winter wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of inhibitory pseudomonads in the Pacific Northwest

Cherrington

Elliott

1987

Plant Soil

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“…This product can be produced by cultures of Penicillium species [4], A. terreus [5–7], Monascus species [8, 9], Hypomyces , Doratomyces , Phoma , Eupenicillium , Gymnoascus , and Trichoderma [10]. Although the ability of different groups of fungi for production of lovastatin was reported in many studies, only production of this compound by A. terreus was commercialized (for manufacture of high quantity of lovastatin for used as anticholesterol drag) [11]. Microorganisms are able to produce lovastatin in SSF or submerged culture [5, 7, 12–15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

Jahromi

Liang

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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Ability of two strains of Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained using A. terreus ATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM for A. terreus ATCC 20542 and A. terreus ATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P < 0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P > 0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM for A. terreus ATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

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“…The list of new phytotoxins from soil fungi continues to grow. The potential to discover new antibiotics is still unlimited, and ''with regard to the application of microbial secondary metabolites for the benefit or mankind, the surface has only been scratched'' (Demain, 1983). The vast majority of the antibiotics that have so far been discovered originate from actinomycetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Isolation and Screening of Soil Microorganisms for Metabolites with Herbicidal Potential

Mallik

2001

Journal of Crop Production

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Crop losses from weeds worldwide average 10% annually. Herbicide application is almost essential in modern agriculture to maintain high productivity. Increased awareness of the environmental damage caused by continued use of conventional synthetic herbicides has aroused great interest in biodegradable, selective and environmentally friendly herbicides. The increasing incidence of herbicide resistance in weeds has stimulated research for herbicidal compounds with new or novel sites and modes of action. Microbial metabolites have become the focus of attention of researchers searching for natural product alternatives to conventional herbicides. Two well-known commercial herbicides of microbial origin are anisomycin (commercial analogue, methoxyphenon) and bialaphos. Both were isolated from members of actinomycetes. Several phytotoxins have been isolated from microbial metabolites, e.g., herbicidins A and B, herbimycins A and B, nigericin, tentoxin and others. The list of microbial phytotoxins continues to M. increase. Actinomycetes are the major source of several herbicides and other bioactive compounds. The potential of discovering new phytotoxins from metabolites of microorganisms is still unlimited. Methods of isolation of actinomycetes, their screening for phytotoxins, separation of phytotoxins from metabolites and partial purification of the toxins are described. Included are screening of soil fungi for phytotoxin, mass culture of fungi, and bioassays.

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New Applications of Microbial Products

Cited by 53 publications

References 66 publications

Incidence of inhibitory pseudomonads in the Pacific Northwest

Incidence of inhibitory pseudomonads in the Pacific Northwest

Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

Selective Isolation and Screening of Soil Microorganisms for Metabolites with Herbicidal Potential

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