New Antibacterial Paper Made of Silver Phosphate Cellulose Fibers: A Preliminary Study on the Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus Involved in Diabetic Foot Ulceration

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial effect of a paper made of silver phosphate cellulose fibers (SPCF) on Staphylococcus aureus, the most common diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) pathogen when compared with other common commercial products. Methods. The antibacterial activity of SPCF samples was evaluated through time with cell counting on agar plates. SPCF samples were then compared with commercial wound care products currently in use in DFU treatments (Silvercel™, Acticoat 7, and Aquacel Ag ExtraTM) through time on agar plates (growth inhibition zones). Results. After 6 hours, there was no viable bacterial cell detected on either plate (p<0.05). There was a net growth inhibition zone for SPCF samples but no significant difference between the two silver concentrations. Compared with common commercial products, SPCF paper provides results equal to Acticoat 7 (p<0.05) and superior to Aquacel AG ExtraTM and Silvercel™ at lower silver concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusions. These results have shown the efficiency of SPCF paper to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus in these conditions. SPCF papers are effective when compared with other common commercial products and could have an industrial potential in wound care. Infected DFU could benefit from the antibacterial effectiveness of SPCF, but more relevant experimentations related to foot ulcers are needed.

A comparative study on the wound healing effectiveness of with normal saline and ionized nano-crystalline silver dressing among chronic diabetic foot ulcer patients

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Phosphorylation of Cellulose in the Presence of Urea. Mechanism of Reaction and Reagent Impact.

“…One of these cellulose derivatives is cellulose phosphate, 37 more precisely named cellulose-O-phosphates, which can be obtained by chemical reaction to graft phosphate 38 groups onto cellulose fibers. These cellulose phosphates have displayed several properties that promote their use in many fields, such as flame retardant materials (Inagaki et al 1976;Jain et al 1985;Zhang et al 2020;Shi et al 2021), water purification and ion exchange capacity for some transition metals (Nada and Hassan 2003;Ubaidullaev et al 2004;Oshima et al 2008;Luneva and Ezovitova 2014), superabsorbent materials (Leo J Bernardin 1972;Saito et al 1991;Shi et al 2015), osteogenic materials (Mucalo et al 1995;Wan et al 2007; 43 Leone et al 2008), energy storage/supercapacitor (Jiang et al 2012;Belosinschi and Tofanica 2018;Rana et al 2020), agriculture (Harada et al 2021), antimicrobial materials (Blanchette et al 2020;Wu et al 2021) and other 45 fields (Kim et al 1998;Wu et al 2021).…”