New Antheridiogen from the Fern
            <i>Onoclea sensibilis</i>

Näf, Ulrich; Sullivan, J. Bolling; Cummins, Michael

doi:10.1126/science.163.3873.1357

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…From the prothalli of Anemia phyllitidis (346,347,352,353), Lygodiumjaponicum (354) (Schizaeaceae) and Onoclea sensibilis (355) (Onocleaceae) antheridiogens AAn, ALp and Aon were also isolated, respectively. Apt, AAn, ALp and Aon are distinct from each other (355). AAn, having structure 621 (346,347), induces the development of antheridia at a concentration of 10 microgram per liter.…”

Section: Diterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Structure and Taxonomic Implications of Fern Constituents

Murakami

Tanaka

1988

Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

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Section: Diterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Structure and Taxonomic Implications of Fern Constituents

Murakami

Tanaka

1988

Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

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“…The presence of an antheridogen, which precociously initiates antheridia on potentially female gametophytes, has recently been documented in 0. sensibilis by Naf, Sullivan & Cummins (1969). To test the effects of the antheridogen on sex expression under varying culture and substrate conditions, such as those which might relate more significantly t o natural conditions, experiments were designed utilizing both fresh and resown agar medium, fresh soil, and fresh soil watered with filtrate from soil on which previous gametophyte populations had been grown.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to having green spores with shortened viabilities and rapid germination (Lloyd & Klekowski, 1970), gametophytes of this species also produce an antheridogen (Naf, Sullivan & Cummins, 1969). Previous work done on the reproductive biology of 0. sensibilis includes studies by Klekowski & Lloyd (1968) and Ganders (1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental studies on mating systems and genetic load in Onoclea sensibilis L. (Aspleniaceae: Athyrioideae)

Saus

Lloyd

1976

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Sporophytes from natural populations of Onoclea sensibilis L. from eastern North America and Japan were investigated to determine their mating system and the frequency of recessive deleterious genes (genetic load). Morphological and physiological criteria in the gametophyte generation indicate that this species has a high probability of intergametophytic mating in nature. All sporophytes exhibited some degree of heterozygosity for genetic load, expressed either as zygotic lethals or leaky lethals. Effects of antheridogen on gametophyte sex ratios and polyembryony are described.

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“…He discovered a third antheridogen from Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Swartz (6) and a fourth from Onovlea sensibilis (10). The term antheridogen is now used in a generic sense (10,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swartz (6) and a fourth from Onovlea sensibilis (10). The term antheridogen is now used in a generic sense (10,14). Early work on the chemical characterization of antheridogen A was done shortly after the discovery of gibberellins, and gibberellic acid was compared to it and found to be different.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Antheridogens and Fatty Acids in Fern Spore Germination

Pringle¹

1970

Plant Physiol.

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Certain fatty acids in the C5 to C18 range, at concentrations as low as 10-5 M, were found to inhibit the germinations of spores of the sensitive fern, Onoclea sensibilis L. The addition of gametophytic culture flltrates of the bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, containing antheridogen A, was found to overcome this inhibition and allow the spores to germinate and the gametophytes to develop in a normal fashion. Some fatty acids were found to increase the antheridium-inducing potency of antheridogen A as much as 10-fold. An effect similar to this may promote the diecious reproduction of ferns.Physiology of sex organ formation can be more readily investigated in ferns than in most other plants because the gametophytic generation can be grown in axenic culture under defined conditions of environment and nutrition. Dopp reported in 1950 that mature gametophytes of the bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, secreted a substance (A-substanz) which induced newly germinated prothalli to form antheridia (1). This substance was later isolated and purified and named antheridogen A (11,12). It was found to induce antheridia on a great many of the species of the family Polypodiaceae (1,2,(6)(7)(8)14).Naf reported in 1959 that Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Swartz produced a second antheridogen (5). He discovered a third antheridogen from Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Swartz (6) and a fourth from Onovlea sensibilis (10). The term antheridogen is now used in a generic sense (10,14). Early work on the chemical characterization of antheridogen A was done shortly after the discovery of gibberellins, and gibberellic acid was compared to it and found to be different. However, in 1962 Schraudolf reported that gibberellin A3 was capable of inducing antheridia in certain species of Schizaeaceae (13). Voeller showed that seven gibberellins, A1, A.3, A4, A5, A7, A8, and A9, were capable of inducing antheridia in A. phyllitidis at a concentration of 5 X 10-g/ml, but each was shown by thin layer chromatography not to be identical with the native antheridogen of A. phyllitidis (15). A general property which seems to differentiate antheridogens from gibberellins is stability to acid (11). Antheridogen A has been shown to be a carboxylic acid with a pKa of about 5.0 (11). The carboxyl function is necessary for biological activity since this activity disappears on esterification and reappears after hydrolysis of the 1Cell Biology Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 663.ester. The new antheridogen from 0. sensibilis can be detected only after boiling for 10 min at pH 2 (10).Certain long chain aliphatic fatty acids were found to produce a 3-fold increase in the potency of antheridogen A preparations (11). When representative organic acids of various classes were tested on 0. sensibilis spores, it was found that naturally occurring straight chain aliphatic fatty acids inhibited germination at relatively low concentrations. The addition of dilute antheridogen A solutions would overcome this inhibiti...

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New Antheridiogen from the Fern Onoclea sensibilis

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Occurrence, Structure and Taxonomic Implications of Fern Constituents

Occurrence, Structure and Taxonomic Implications of Fern Constituents

Experimental studies on mating systems and genetic load in Onoclea sensibilis L. (Aspleniaceae: Athyrioideae)

Interaction between Antheridogens and Fatty Acids in Fern Spore Germination

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