New and emerging applications of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber latex in polymer composites and blends: review from structure to future prospective

Abstract

The present review focuses on the properties and developing applications of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) as a modified grade of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Carboxylated polymers, and particularly carboxylated rubbers, are regarded as a new class of polymers with superior physical and mechanical properties over non-carboxylated counterparts. Upon introducing carboxyl groups, the properties such as elasticity range, strength, compatibility towards functional fillers and polymers, resistance to hydrocarbon solvents enhance and cross-linking by non-sulfur reagents becomes possible. The XSBR latex benefits from excellent mechanical and chemical stability, excellent liquidity, high bond and conjunction strength, high toughness and the strength after molding, low water absorption and air shrinkage, excellent durability, abrasion, oil and corrosion resistance of cement products. Due to the polarity offered by carboxyl groups, fiber, and particulate composites of XSBR exhibit improved physical and mechanical properties. The stable interface created between carboxyl group and the second polymer phase generally results in an enhancement for the host polymer.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units

“…The main common ingredients of solvent-and emulsion-type finishes are toluene, xylene, benzene, and styrene [26]. Ethylbenzene and p-dichlorobenzene are intermediates of styrene and styrene acrylic, and carboxylate styrene-butadiene polymers are also used for coating wood substrates [36]. Some of these chemicals are used as solvent cleaning agents to remove stains on the surface and for preparation for further treatments such as painting or applying conversion coatings in furniture industry [37].…”

Synthesis of Functionalized Styrene Butadiene Rubber and Its Applications in SBR–Silica Composites for High Performance Tire Applications

“…In the last decades, the use of functionalized polymers has increased rapidly due to their ability to form strong interactions with inorganic fillers which affects mechanical, rheological, and electrical properties significantly. , During the preparation of polymer composites, the absence of polar groups in nonfunctional polymers leads to a weak interfacial interaction between the polymer and polar filler which in turn deteriorates the physical and performance properties of the composite material. − …”

“…In the presence of carboxyl groups, the properties such as elongation, tensile strength, compatibility towards functional fillers-polymers improved, and also resistance to hydrocarbon solvents enhanced significantly. Moreover, cross-linking by nonsulfur reagents becomes possible …”

Multi‐copolymerization retouch butadiene styrene block polymer resin for dual temperature change curing of wood‐based interface

“…Carboxy butadiene latex (XSBL) is a new ionic supramolecular hybrid network latex made by adding acrylic acid (AA) to the SBL chain. With the introduction of carboxyl groups, the elastic range, strength, compatibility with functional fillers and polymers, hydrocarbon resistance, and solvent resistance are all enhanced, 5 and these features are highly valued in the industry for their good mechanical properties, elasticity, and wear resistance after plasticization 6 . However, the molecular chains in XSBL are extremely flexible and susceptible to loss of high activity due to external influences, resulting in a lack of adhesion to the adherent, which has limited its large‐scale and widespread adoption.…”