New and Effective Filter Cake Removal Optimizes Water Injectivity

Abstract

The Captain Field which lies off the coast of Scotland is a shallow sandstone reservoir (3000 ft) comprising clean, unconsolidated sand with high permeability (up to 5D). The oil is heavy and bottomhole temperature very low (30o C). Throughout the development of this field (14 years) two of the main challenges have been control of unconsolidated sand and maximising production of the oil by water injection to maintain reservoir pressure. Particular attention has been paid to drilling and completion of the water injection wells. The drill-in fluid used was initially oil based mud but changing to water based drill-in fluid facilitated use of faster completion procedures. Initially, when using a water based drill-in fluid, displacement of the openhole to clear brine was always troublesome. This issue was resolved by the introduction of a new low temperature starch into the drilling operation. Adoption of the new formulation has facilitated a simpler, faster displacement operation and made it easier to test various techniques that are offered for filtercake clean up. Treatments, involving acetic acid released in situ, enzymes, sequestering agents, etc., provided questionable results. However, a breaker system that provides a delayed release of formic acid has recently been introduced and has led to a significant improvement in performance. New techniques have introduced significant benefits, for example: the improved starch shortened the completion process by at least several hours of rig time,the four most recently completed wells which were all treated with the formic acid system had an average initial Specific Injectivity Index that was about 50% better than the average achieved for the first five wells that were completed with oil based mud. The paper will present important aspects of the learning process on the Captain Field with particular emphasis on application of the new starch, and drilling/clean-up of the water injection wells.

Uranium Wells: The Proper Selection of Drilling Mud and Completion Fluid Has Changed All the Rules of the Game

“…To assure the longest possible reaction delay, the acid precursor is introduced just before injection into the well. The operating mechanism of this system and some results of its application are presented in a number of papers (Leschi et al 2006;Davidson et al 2012).…”