New Advances in Membrane Technology

Ravanchi, Maryam Takht; Kargari, Ali

doi:10.5772/8219

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Membrane separation processes have been successfully applied to various industry sectors with focus on energy reduction, environmental benefit, and process intensification [1]. Membrane processes are easy to scale up and are chemical free; additionally, they have a small footprint, require relatively little energy, and have low operational costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process

Russell

Algahtani

et al. 2022

Energies

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Cultivating microalgae requires a nitrogen and phosphorous feed source. Anaerobic digestion waste (digestate) provides a cheap sustainable feedstock for these materials. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of nutrient recovery and subsequent algae growth. There is now a need to fully characterise digestate filtration to improve our understanding of this process prior to its commercialisation. In this work, digestate filtration is characterised at bench scale using frontal (dead-end) filtration and a 100 kDa MWCO ultrafiltration membrane. Our experiments demonstrated rapid cake formation causing significant flux decline. The steady-state permeate flux for digestate was 2.4 to 4.8 L m−2 h−1, a reduction of ~90% compared to clean water flux. The specific cake resistance was ~1015 m kg−1 and the compressibility index 1.07. A series of four filtration and cleaning cycles showed 90% flux recovery following a clean water wash. Digestate filtration was then evaluated at a commercial scale using crossflow and the KOCH ABCOR® tubular membrane (100 kDa MWCO). The results were similar to those at the bench scale, i.e., rapid initial fouling leading to a period of steady-state flux (approximately 7 L m−2 h−1). The commercial membrane was flushed with water and diluted bleach after each use, and a digestate permeate flux decline of only 4.8% over a 12-month active use period was observed. The present research provides bench scale characterisation and demonstrates the commercial scale operation of anaerobic digestate filtration using ultrafiltration. The overall filtration performance was excellent, and the process can now be scaled to any operational capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process

Russell

Algahtani

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…Membranes play an important role in wastewater treatment. They are utilized for oily wastewater separation [26], biological and chemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD) reduction [27], heavy metal ion removal [28], textile wastewater treatment [29], and nuclear waste treatment [30]. Over the years, literature has highlighted properties that make good membranes, such as higher flexibility, smaller footprint demand for installation, better control of the pore-forming mechanism, and low costs [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membranes made from poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF, a semi-crystalline polymer with repeated units of -(CH 2 CF 2 ) n -, are also produced via conventional non-solvent induced phase separation [24]. In addition to its chemical and thermal stability and high mechanical strength [27], PVDF is one of the most widely used polymers in membrane technology for separation applications [23,49]. Even with so many good qualities, the hydrophobic nature of the PVDF membrane makes it prone to fouling, which is caused by the deposition and accumulation of constituents in the feed stream of the membrane [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even with so many good qualities, the hydrophobic nature of the PVDF membrane makes it prone to fouling, which is caused by the deposition and accumulation of constituents in the feed stream of the membrane [50]. This is a long-term critical issue that occurs particularly in the PVDF membrane-related applications, thereby decreasing its performance and efficiency [24,27]. It has been reported that an increase in hydrophilicity offers membrane fouling resistance [51,52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Zwitterion, p(MAO-DMPA), on the Internal Structure, Fouling Characteristics, and Dye Rejection Mechanism of PVDF Membranes

2020

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The zwitterion poly-(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene-3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine) (p(MAO-DMPA)) synthesized using a ring-opening reaction was used as a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane modifier/additive during phase inversion process. The zwitterion was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR, and contact angle measurements were taken for the membranes. The effect of the zwitterionization content on membrane performance indicators such as pure water flux, membrane fouling, and dye rejection was investigated. The morphology of the membranes showed that the increase in the zwitterion amount led to a general decrease in pore size with a concomitant increase in the number of membrane surface pores. The surface roughness was not particularly affected by the amount of the additive; however, the internal structure was greatly influenced, leading to varying rejection mechanisms for the larger dye molecule. On the other hand, the wettability of the membranes initially decreased with increasing content to a certain point and then increased as the membrane homogeneity changed at higher zwitterion percentages. Flux and fouling properties were enhanced through the addition of zwitterion compared to the pristine PVDF membrane. The high (>90%) rejection of anionic dye, Congo red, indicated that these membranes behaved as ultrafiltration (UF). In comparison, the cationic dye, rhodamine 6G, was only rejected to <70%, with rejection being predominantly electrostatic-based. This work shows that zwitterion addition imparted good membrane performance to PVDF membranes up to an optimum content whereby membrane homogeneity was compromised, leading to poor performance at its higher loading.

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Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions by a Novel Industrial Solvent

Abbassian

Kargari

Kaghazchi

2014

Chemical Engineering Communications

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New Advances in Membrane Technology

Abstract: +PVTQFWEVKQP 5HVHDUFK LQWR WKH XVH RI PHPEUDQHEDVHG SURFHVVHV LQ WKH LQGXVWU\ LV DQ LQWHUHVWLQJ DUHD IRU PRGHUQ PHPEUDQH VFLHQFH DQG WHFKQRORJ\ 7KH PDLQ SXUSRVH LQ WKLV FKDSWHU LV WR GHVFULEH

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process

Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process

Effect of the Zwitterion, p(MAO-DMPA), on the Internal Structure, Fouling Characteristics, and Dye Rejection Mechanism of PVDF Membranes

Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions by a Novel Industrial Solvent

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