New advanced computing architecture for cryptography design and analysis by D-Wave quantum annealer

Abstract

Universal quantum computers are far from achieving practical applications. The D-Wave quantum computer is initially designed for combinatorial optimizations. Therefore, exploring the potential applications of the D-Wave device in the field of cryptography is of great importance. First, although we optimize the general quantum Hamiltonian on the basis of the structure of the multiplication table (factor up to 1 005 973), this study attempts to explore the simplification of Hamiltonian derived from the binary structure of the integers to be factored. A simple factorization on 143 with four qubits is provided to verify the potential of further advancing the integer-factoring ability of the D-Wave device. Second, by using the quantum computing cryptography based on the D-Wave 2000Q system, this research further constructs a simple version of quantum-classical computing architecture and a Quantum-Inspired Simulated Annealing (QISA) framework. Good functions and a high-performance platform are introduced, and additional balanced Boolean functions with high nonlinearity and optimal algebraic immunity can be found. Further comparison between QISA and Quantum Annealing (QA) on six-variable bent functions not only shows the potential speedup of QA, but also suggests the potential of architecture to be a scalable way of D-Wave annealer toward a practical cryptography design.

Quantum annealing-based computed tomography using variational approach for a real-number image reconstruction

“…One significant challenge in the medical application of QC is the limited number of available qubits. Adiabatic QC produced by D-Wave has increased the number of qubits to be utilized, which has enhanced the field of QC (Okada et al 2019, McGeoch et al 2019, Hu et al 2019, Cavallaro et al 2020, Ji et al 2021, Carugno et al 2022. Binary-or integer-based reconstruction has been proposed in recent years (Nau et al 2022), but integer-based reconstruction still has difficulty reproducing quantitative images due to the shortage of qubits to represent pixel values even for 12-qubit representation, which is typically employed in a CT value.…”

A Survey about Post Quantum Cryptography Methods

“…Depending on the unique security problems they address, these cryptographic systems are split into a number of families that are supposed to be beyond the reach of both classical and quantum computers. Some of the well-known families of cryptography include multidimensional cryptography, lattice-based digital signatures, isogeny-based digital encryption, noncommutative digital encryption, code-based digital signatures, and hash-based computing [6]. By making a variety of adjustments, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has improved the security of cryptographic algorithms.…”

“…Error-correcting codes serve as the foundation of code-based cryptography [6]. For the past four decades computer scientist were being studying and working on these.…”

“…It is believed that neither quantum nor contemporary computers can solve cryptography-related security problems. Multivariate cryptography, framework-based encryption, isogeny-based digital signatures, non-commutative encryption, code-based digital encryption, and hash-based cybersecurity are just a few of the prominent families that make up cryptography [6]. By recommending quantumsecure algorithms, the cryptographic standard association called National Institute of Standards and Technology has taken action to improve the reliability of cryptographic algorithms.…”