New 10F soft and pliable polyurethane stents decrease the migration rate compared with conventional 10F polyethylene stents in hilar biliary obstruction: results of a pilot study

Initial experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting for treatment of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in dogs

“…41 Because of the high mortality rates reported for surgical treatment of EHBDO (up to 75%) in veterinary patients, [14][15][16][17][18][19] these data further support the need for this type of preliminary investigation in an effort to find new treatment modalities that may decrease overall morbidity and mortality rates. 3,[42][43][44] These stents have been found to maintain patency for between 3 and 6 months typically, which is the time needed for resolution of the underlying disease in human patients. Traditional open surgery may require excessive pancreatic manipulation and prolonged anesthesia times in very debilitated patients and may have a high risk of dehiscence and abdominal contamination associated with the enterotomy incision.…”

“…The cause for such high mortality rates with traditional surgery is not clear but is postulated to be associated with the systemic disease process, resulting in sepsis, impaired reticuloendothelial function, and surgical risks in such patients. [42][43][44] Stent size is usually selected on the basis of the diameter of the CBD, which is estimated from the cholangiogram. [14][15][16][17][18][19] With endoscopic biliary stents, some of these risks may be averted because of minimal pancreatic manipulation endoscopically, lack of the need for laparotomy and intestinal surgery, and the relative speed of the procedure when performed by trained personnel.…”

An Update to Hepatobiliary Stents

“…13 There was, however, no difference in median stent patency between PE and PU stents. 13 Glandi et al evaluated if systemic medical therapy could help decrease stent occlusion, and he found that ursodiol and antibiotics were ineffective in decreasing stent occlusion. 14 Currently, most major manufactures use PE stents.…”

An Update to Hepatobiliary Stents

“… 12 Cheon et al performed a randomized trial comparing PU with PE stents in hilar biliary obstruction. 13 PU stents are made with Pellethane, a soft pliable material that may adapt better to the curved bile duct for enhanced positioning and prevent distal or proximal migration. 13 Results showed that migration was significantly lower with PU stents than PE stents (5% versus 29%, p=0.032).…”