Never trust a croup...

Nickinson, Andrew; Minhas, Jatinder S.; Bhalla, Minak; Anwuzia-Iwegbu, Charles; Chapman, John

doi:10.1136/bcr.03.2011.4014

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Other potential diagnoses include acute laryngitis, viral laryngotracheobronchitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, plastic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and diphtheria. Thus, in patients with an irreversible lack of response to glucocorticoid and/ or adrenaline treatment for respiratory failure, the possibility of pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis (6,7). Investigative imaging is often helpful in distinguishing pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis due to coinfection with human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report

Wen¹,

Lin²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Transl Pediatr

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Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis is rarely reported yet potentially lifethreatening infectious cause of airway obstruction in children. The causative organisms of this condition are often considered to promote bacterial superinfection following viral infection. We report a case of pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis in a patient caused by human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). A 2-year-old child was admitted to our hospital presenting with cough, hoarseness, and labored breathing. Computed tomography of the chest revealed atelectasis of the right middle lobe of the lung with bronchostenosis and occlusion. Laryngeal edema, pseudomembrane formation and ulceration of the trachea were found during bronchoscopy. Chronic inflammation of the mucosa and local cellulose exudation with acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration were confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Human bocavirus 1 and M. pneumoniae were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by next-generation sequencing. The patient tested positive for IgM antibodies against M. pneumoniae. Bronchoscopy was performed three times to clear the secretions in the airway, and azithromycin, ceftriaxone, methylprednisolone, budesonide inhalation, and ambroxol were administered as treatment. The patient's condition improved and she was discharged 21 days after admission. Clinicians should be aware of the potential involvement of human bocavirus 1 and M. pneumoniae in pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis for accurate diagnosis and timely antibiotic administration, and to lower mortality and morbidity rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis due to coinfection with human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report

Wen¹,

Lin²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Transl Pediatr

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“…A partial response, as indicated by either a failure to resolve the stridor or a need for multiple repeat treatments in a short duration, was noted for 14 patients, whereas no response was noted for 10. Failure to respond to conservative treatment has been reported as a hallmark of bacterial tracheitis 4,[20][21][22] and should serve as a warning that further investigation needs to be performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Bacterial Tracheitis—A Variable Entity: Case Series with Literature Review

Casazza

Graham

Nelson

et al. 2018

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective To review the presentation and treatment of children diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis at our institution and to review the available literature focusing on key presenting symptoms and clinical outcomes of children diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis. Study Design Case series with literature review. Setting Tertiary children’s hospital and available literature. Subjects and Methods Case series of children with bacterial tracheitis retrospectively reviewed at a tertiary children’s hospital. Those with a tracheostomy or those who developed bacterial tracheitis as a complication of prolonged intubation were excluded. Results Thirty-six children were identified (mean ± SD age, 6.7 ± 4.5 years). The most common presenting symptom was cough (85%), followed by stridor (77%) and voice changes/hoarseness (67%). A concurrent viral illness was found for 55%, and the most common bacteria cultured was methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatric intensive care admission occurred for 69%, and 43% required intubation. No patient required tracheostomy. One patient (2.7%) died secondary to airway obstruction and subsequent respiratory arrest. Four patients had recurrence of bacterial tracheitis 4 to 12 months following their initial presentation. Conclusion Bacterial tracheitis is an uncommon condition with an atypical presentation and variable clinical course but serious consequences if left unrecognized. Staphylococcus is the most common bacteria identified, and many patients will have a prodromal viral illness. Changes in patient epidemiology and presentation may have occurred over time.

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Never trust a croup...

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis due to coinfection with human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis due to coinfection with human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report

Pediatric Bacterial Tracheitis—A Variable Entity: Case Series with Literature Review

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