Neutrophils as Regulators and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Inflammation in the Context of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Klopf, Johannes; Brostjan, Christine; Neumayer, Christoph; Eilenberg, Wolf

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9091236

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Neutrophils pose a crucial first line of defense in the innate immune system, as they are the most numerous type of granulocytes (or ‘polymorphonuclear leukocytes’) and can employ several effector mechanisms to eliminate pathogens [ 428 ]. As we have recently reviewed [ 429 , 430 ], neutrophils are recruited to the aneurysm site by various chemotactic factors, such as IL-8, platelet-derived factors or complement components. These mediators are mainly released from the luminal ILT and have been shown to be increased in the blood of AAA patients [ 337 , 393 , 431 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis

et al. 2022

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Despite declining incidence and mortality rates in many countries, the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) continues to represent a life-threatening cardiovascular condition with an overall prevalence of about 2–3% in the industrialized world. While the risk of AAA development is considerably higher for men of advanced age with a history of smoking, screening programs serve to detect the often asymptomatic condition and prevent aortic rupture with an associated death rate of up to 80%. This review summarizes the current knowledge on identified risk factors, the multifactorial process of pathogenesis, as well as the latest advances in medical treatment and surgical repair to provide a perspective for AAA management.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis

et al. 2022

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“…A recent preclinical study revealed that mice are protected from AAA formation by enhancement of membrane-bound ST2-dependant immunosuppressive T-cell expansion [ 21 ]. Summarizing the manifold aspects of aneurysm pathophysiology, AAA is mainly considered a chronic inflammatory disease, where immunological mediators release detrimental constituents and substances at the aneurysm site which contribute to the destruction of the aortic wall [ 6 , 26 ]. However, very little is known about sST2’s origin measured in the circulation, or its expression patterns, mechanisms of release and function in the aorta, particularly in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble ST2 as a Potential Biomarker for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms—A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Klopf

Demyanets

Brekalo

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The maximal aortic diameter is the only clinically applied predictor of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression and indicator for surgical repair. Circulating biomarkers resulting from AAA pathogenesis are attractive candidates for the diagnosis and prognosis of aneurysmal disease. Due to the reported role of interleukin 33 in AAA development, we investigated the corresponding circulating receptor molecules of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) in AAA patients regarding their marker potential in diagnosis and prognosis. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in a diagnostic setting, measuring the circulating serum sST2 protein levels of 47 AAA patients under surveillance, matched with 25 peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and 25 healthy controls. In a prognostic setting, we analyzed the longitudinal monitoring data of 50 monitored AAA patients. Slow versus fast AAA progression was defined as a <2 or ≥2 mm increase in AAA diameter over 6 months and a <4 or ≥4 mm increase over 12 months. Additionally, the association of circulating serum sST2 and AAA growth was investigated using a specifically tailored log-linear mixed model. Serum sST2 concentrations were significantly increased in AAA patients compared with healthy individuals: the median of AAA patient cohort was 112.72 ng/mL (p = 0.025) and that of AAA patient cohort 2 was 14.32 ng/mL (p = 0.039) versus healthy controls (8.82 ng/mL). Likewise, PAD patients showed significantly elevated sST2 protein levels compared with healthy controls (the median was 12.10 ng/mL; p = 0.048) but similar concentrations to AAA patients. Additionally, sST2 protein levels were found to be unsuited to identifying fast AAA progression over short-term periods of 6 or 12 months, which was confirmed by a log-linear mixed model. In conclusion, the significantly elevated protein levels of sST2 detected in patients with vascular disease may be useful in the early diagnosis of AAA but cannot distinguish between AAA and PAD or predict AAA progression.

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“…Differently from EVAR, in the setting of AAA there are known predictors of complications which have been investigated through the years such as serum elastin peptides (SEP) and plasmin–antiplasmin (PAP) complexes, MMP-9, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), antitrypsin and IFN-gamma for AAA size, expansion rate or rupture [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Circulating, biomechanical, and genetic markers for AAA growth and rupture were reviewed in recent years [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Biomarkers and Compounds In Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (Untreated Disease)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

et al. 2022

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Circulating biomarkers have been recently investigated among patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Considering the plethora of small descriptive studies reporting potential associations between biomarkers and clinical outcomes, this review aims to summarize the current literature considering both the treated disease (post EVAR) and the untreated disease (AAA before EVAR). All studies describing outcomes of tissue biomarkers in patients undergoing EVAR and in patients with AAA were included, and references were checked for additional sources. In the EVAR scenario, circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a marker of inflammatory reaction which might predict postoperative morbidity; cystatin C is a promising early marker of post-procedural acute kidney injury; plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration after 3 months from EVAR might help in detecting post-procedural endoleak. This review also summarizes the current gaps in knowledge and future direction of this field of research. Among markers used in patients with AAA, galectin and granzyme appear to be promising and should be carefully investigated even in the EVAR setting. Larger prospective trials are required to establish and evaluate prognostic models with highest values with these markers.

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Neutrophils as Regulators and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Inflammation in the Context of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Cited by 26 publications

References 195 publications

AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis

AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis

Soluble ST2 as a Potential Biomarker for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms—A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Biomarkers in EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

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