Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems

Balog, Brian M.; Sonti, Anisha; Zigmond, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102488

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 301 publications

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“…First, the BBB appears to be disrupted in schizophrenia ( 40 ). Neutrophils directed by specific chemokines can infiltrate the brain through the damaged BBB ( 41 ), which may lead to brain tissue damage and more psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies found that higher blood neutrophil levels are associated with gray matter reduction and ventricular enlargement in patients with first-episode schizophrenia ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and inflammatory markers in Han Chinese patients with drug-free schizophrenia: relationship with symptom severity

Yang,

Tian,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundThere is a growing amount of evidence suggesting that immunity and inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between hematological and inflammatory markers with symptom severity in Han Chinese patients with drug-free schizophrenia.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and data were extracted from the electronic medical record system over a 5-year period (May 2017 to April 2022), including participants’ general and clinical information as well as Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores and hematological parameters.ResultsA total of 2,899 patients with schizophrenia were identified through the initial search. After screening, 91 patients and 141 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The patients had a higher value of neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) than HCs (all P < 0.001). MLR was positively correlated with BPRS total score (r = 0.337, P = 0.001) and resistance subscale score (r = 0.350, P = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that severely ill was significantly associated with being male and a higher value of MLR (Natural Logaruthm, Ln) (all P < 0.05), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed good performance of a regression model with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.787.ConclusionPatients with drug-free schizophrenia have an unbalanced distribution of peripheral blood granulocytes, and elevated NLR, MLR and PLR. Patients with higher value of MLR tend to have more psychotic symptoms, especially those symptoms of hostility, uncooperativeness, and suspiciousness. Our study gives a preliminary indication that MLR is a potential predictor of disease severity in patients with drug-free schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and inflammatory markers in Han Chinese patients with drug-free schizophrenia: relationship with symptom severity

Yang,

Tian,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Neutrophils generally release more from the bone marrow and enter the circulation when functional CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) gets lost and CXCR2 is expressed on neutrophils ( 27 , 28 ). During emergency granulopoiesis, band cells complete maturation in injured tissue ( 29 ). The recruitment of neutrophils involves interactions between them and endothelial cells.…”

Section: The Development Recruitment and Migration Of Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy

Sun,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Glioma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, effective treatment options for gliomas are still lacking. Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are widely distributed in circulation. Recently, the discovery of cranial-meningeal channels and intracranial lymphatic vessels has provided new insights into the origins of neutrophils in the CNS. Neutrophils in the brain may originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. They cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the action of chemokines and enter the brain parenchyma, subsequently migrating to the glioma TME and undergoing phenotypic changes upon contact with tumor cells. Under glycolytic metabolism model, neutrophils show complex and dual functions in different stages of cancer progression, including participation in the malignant progression, immune suppression, and anti-tumor effects of gliomas. Additionally, neutrophils in the TME interact with other immune cells, playing a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting neutrophils may be a novel generation of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of neutrophils infiltrating the central nervous system from the external environment, detailing the origin, functions, classifications, and targeted therapies of neutrophils in the context of glioma.

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“…A well-known function of neutrophils is their phagocytosis; however, this phagocytosis is often overlooked in the field of neurobiology [ 38 ]. This is because after nerve injury, it is often assumed that macrophages in the PNS and microglia in the CNS exert a phagocytic effect on myelin and cellular debris.…”

Section: Inflammatory Response After Nerve Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because after nerve injury, it is often assumed that macrophages in the PNS and microglia in the CNS exert a phagocytic effect on myelin and cellular debris. And, the phagocytic effect of neutrophils is similar to that of macrophages/microglia [ 38 ]. Neutrophils have been shown to be necessary for the removal of myelin sheaths in the distal sciatic nerve after sciatic nerve transection injury.…”

Section: Inflammatory Response After Nerve Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation in the Peripheral Nervous System after Injury

Gu,

Xia,

Ding

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Nerve injury is a common condition that occurs as a result of trauma, iatrogenic injury, or long-lasting stimulation. Unlike the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a strong capacity for self-repair and regeneration. Peripheral nerve injury results in the degeneration of distal axons and myelin sheaths. Macrophages and Schwann cells (SCs) can phagocytose damaged cells. Wallerian degeneration (WD) makes the whole axon structure degenerate, creating a favorable regenerative environment for new axons. After nerve injury, macrophages, neutrophils and other cells are mobilized and recruited to the injury site to phagocytose necrotic cells and myelin debris. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors involved in the inflammatory response provide a favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration and regulate the effects of inflammation on the body through relevant signaling pathways. Previously, inflammation was thought to be detrimental to the body, but further research has shown that appropriate inflammation promotes nerve regeneration, axon regeneration, and myelin formation. On the contrary, excessive inflammation can cause nerve tissue damage and pathological changes, and even lead to neurological diseases. Therefore, after nerve injury, various cells in the body interact with cytokines and chemokines to promote peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by inhibiting the negative effects of inflammation and harnessing the positive effects of inflammation in specific ways and at specific times. Understanding the interaction between neuroinflammation and nerve regeneration provides several therapeutic ideas to improve the inflammatory microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration.

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Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 301 publications

Hematological and inflammatory markers in Han Chinese patients with drug-free schizophrenia: relationship with symptom severity

Hematological and inflammatory markers in Han Chinese patients with drug-free schizophrenia: relationship with symptom severity

Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy

Inflammation in the Peripheral Nervous System after Injury

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