Neutrons are forever! Historical perspectives

Goodhead, Dudley T.

doi:10.1080/09553002.2019.1569782

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Fast neutron radiation is found to be a potent mutagen in plants [23]. A seminal study performed by James Chadwick in 1932 discovered neutrons which are a small particle of matter having no electric charge [24,25]. Since neutrons do not carry any charge, they do not ionize directly but occur as a structural unit of atomic nuclei of particles heavier than hydrogen.…”

Section: Fast Neutron Radiation-induced Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Neutron Mutagenesis in Plants: Advances, Applicability and Challenges

Kumawat¹,

Rana²,

Bansal³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Fast neutron (FN) radiation mediated mutagenesis is a unique approach among the several induced mutagenesis methods being used in plant science in terms of impacted mutations. The FN mutagenesis usually creates deletions from a few bases to several million bases (Mb). A library of random deletion generated using FN mutagenesis lines can provide indispensable resources for the reverse genetic approaches. In this review, information from several efforts made using FN mutagenesis has been compiled to understand the type of induced mutations, frequency, and genetic stability. Concerns regarding the utilization of FN mutagenesis technique for a plant with different level of ploidy and genome complexity are discussed. We have highlighted the utility of next-generation sequencing techniques which can be efficiently utilized for the characterization of mutant lines as well as for the mapping of causal mutations. Pros and cons of Mut-map, MutChromSeq, exon capture, whole genome sequencing, MutRen-Seq, and different tilling approaches can be used for the detection of FN-induced mutation has also been discussed. Genomic resources developed using the FN mutagenesis have been catalogued wooing to meaningful utilization of the available resources. The information provided here will be helpful for the efficient exploration for the crop improvement programs and for better understanding of genetic regulations.

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Section: Fast Neutron Radiation-induced Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Neutron Mutagenesis in Plants: Advances, Applicability and Challenges

Kumawat¹,

Rana²,

Bansal³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…As neutrons lack a Bragg peak, the entire irradiated volume would receive high LET irradiation. Although the higher RBE could be advantageous for tumors, it would increase the normal tissue toxicity as demonstrated in previous clinical studies [1,2,7]. Photon beam dose profiles can be optimized to conform to target the tumor volumes.…”

Section: Dose Profiles Of Photons and Neutrons: Implications With Hypmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fast neutron therapy was introduced in 1938 with the belief that its favorable radiobiological features would help overcome some of the inherent limitations of X or c-ray photon radiotherapy (RT) [1]. Compared with photons, fast neutron beams have a higher linear energy transfer (LET) (20-100 keV/l for neutrons vs. 0.2-2 keV/l with photons), a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) (2.5-3.0) and a lower oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) (1.4-1.7) [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could deliver unwanted higher biologically effective doses (BED) to adjacent normal tissues, resulting in higher toxicities. Thus, although a favorable tumor response has been reported for various tumor sites with neutrons, the advantage was largely offset by higher late tissue toxicities, increased risk of cancer induction and growing concerns regarding radiation protection [1,2,5,7]. These apprehensions contributed to the gradual decline in popularity of fast neutron therapy in modern RT practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperthermia with photon radiotherapy is thermoradiobiologically analogous to neutrons for tumors without enhanced normal tissue toxicity

Datta

Bodis

2019

International Journal of Hyperthermia

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The depth dose profiles of photons mirror those of fast neutrons. However, in contrast to the high linear energy transfer (LET) characteristics of neutrons; photons exhibit low LET features. Hyperthermia (HT) inhibits the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage and is cytotoxic to the radioresistant hypoxic tumor cells. Thus, thermoradiobiologically, HT simulates high LET radiation with photons. At temperatures of 39-45 C, the physiological vasodilation allows rapid heat dissipation from normal tissues. On the contrary, the chaotic and relatively rigid tumor vasculature results in heat retention leading to higher intratumoural temperatures. Consequently, the high LET attributes of HT with photon radiations are mostly limited to the confines of the heated tumor while the normothermic normal tissues would be irradiated with low LET photons. HT thereby augments photon therapy by conferring therapeutic advantages of high LET radiations to the tumors akin to neutrons, while the 'heat-sink' effect spares the normal tissues from thermal radiosensitization. Thus, photon thermoradiotherapy imparts radiobiological advantages selectively to tumors analogous to neutrons without exaggerating normal tissue morbidities. The later has been the major concern with clinical fast neutron beam therapy. Outcomes reported from several clinical trials in diverse tumor sites add testimony to the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of photon thermoradiotherapy.

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“…Shibata and Jeggo (2019) provide a historical reflection on key advances in the field of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand break repair and interface them with current knowledge. Goodhead (2019) provides selective summaries of main driving forces and developments in the neutron biology field. Cucinotta and Cacao (2019) review findings from studies on brain effects of radiation carried out over the last 25 years and focusing on understanding risks at low doses of heavy ions and protons.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%