Neutronics calculation, dosimetry analysis and gas measurements of the first SINQ target irradiation experiment, STIP-I

Small punch tests on martensitic/ferritic steels F82H, T91 and Optimax-A irradiated in SINQ Target-3

“…In the present irradiation, the ratio of He/dpa is not constant due to different proton and neutron spectra at different positions in the target [19]. This results in a different dependence of DDBTT SP on helium concentration.…”

“…12. A comparison of DDBTT for martensitic steels irradiated in fission reactors [17][18][19][20][21][22] and in SINQ Target-3.…”

Microstructural change in AlMg3 alloy irradiated by spallation neutrons and high energy protons

“…The maximum irradiation dose including the neutron-induced contribution was about 3.6 dpa. Meanwhile, about 1125 appm helium and 1900 appm hydrogen were produced [6]. The irradiation temperature was around 60°C.…”

Elevated-Temperature Ferritic and Martensitic Steels and Their Application to Future Nuclear Reactors

“…The effect of the hydrogen was generally thought to be minimal, because most of it was expected to migrate out of the lattice at reactor operating temperatures. However, ion 37 and proton 38,39 irradiations have produced evidence for retention of considerable amounts of the hydrogen, but it is not expected to be an issue in martensitic steels above about 250ºC. 39 For a fusion reactor, where the helium:dpa ratio is about 10, indications are that helium can affect swelling, 31 although the 9-12% Cr steels still remain low swelling.…”

“…However, ion 37 and proton 38,39 irradiations have produced evidence for retention of considerable amounts of the hydrogen, but it is not expected to be an issue in martensitic steels above about 250ºC. 39 For a fusion reactor, where the helium:dpa ratio is about 10, indications are that helium can affect swelling, 31 although the 9-12% Cr steels still remain low swelling. The helium:dpa ratio for ferritic/martensitic steels in most fission reactors is about two ordersof-magnitude lower and has a minimal effect on swelling.…”