Neutron-scattering studies on carbon anode materials used in lithium-ion batteries

Mamun, S. M.; Herstedt, Marie; Oikawa, K.; Gustafsson, Torbjörn; Otomo, Toshiya; Furusaka, M.; Kamiyama, Takashi; Sakaebe, Hikarí; Edström, Kristina

doi:10.1007/s003390201859

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The scattering contrast factors ρ 2 of the respective component A vs. the electrolyte solution as component B is tabulated in Table II. Additionally, the values for LiC 6 and LiC 12 as component A vs. LiC 12 respectively graphite as component B are added to this list.…”

Section: Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Figure 17b), we can thus relate the dV/dQ peaks to the onset of formation of Li x C 6 phases. The three peaks on the left are attributed to the onset of LiC 24 , LiC 18 and LiC 12 formation; the single peak to the right can be attributed to the formation of LiC 6 . The first three phases cannot be distinguished by SANS, but correlate to the first step in the integrated intensity, whereas the onset of LiC 6 is clearly related to the second step in the integrated intensity.…”

Section: Figure 14 (Color Online): A) Cell Potential and B) Integratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study's primary goal is to adapt, develop and extend this method to Li-ion battery systems, since up to now only a few publications exist dealing with the SANS method for batteries and battery materials in general. Sandi et al 5 and Mamun et al 6 have studied the pore structures of raw anode materials. While Bridges et al 7 have gained insights into the SEI formation on hard-carbon anodes with in operando SANS experiments with lithium counter electrodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) on Li-Ion Batteries

Seidlmayer

Hattendorff

Buchberger

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Small-angle neutron scattering is a tool providing information on nanostructures of objects in the order of 1-300 nm. In this experiment a pouch bag lithium ion battery cell was investigated with SANS ex situ, in situ and in operando during charging and discharging. LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 was used as cathode and graphite as anode material. The small-angle neutron scattering measurements were performed on the SANS-1 instrument at the FRM II neutron source of the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching, Germany. Ex situ measurements of components of the cell as well as static in situ and dynamic in operando SANS experiments were performed with a complete Li-ion pouch bag cell. The cell was charged and discharged twice with C/3 and small-angle neutron scattering data were collected during the measurements. The observed intensity data were then evaluated and changes of the total scattering in the measured Q-range are correlated to the lithiation processes occurring inside the cell. Thus we can show that SANS can be used as a tool to monitor kinetic processes in Li-ion batteries in operando and non-destructively. Li-ion batteries have been used widely as power sources in transportable electronic devices and new markets such as hybrid and all battery electric vehicles are developing.1 This has also raised an enhanced interest in the development of analytical methods to study batteries during operation ("in operando"). Besides the improvement in energy and power density, researchers are trying to prolong the lifetime of lithium ion batteries. Cycle and storage life of Li-ion batteries are critical for electric vehicle or stationary power storage applications. A major degradation effect is the continuous decomposition of electrolyte -leading also to a growing solid electrolyte interface (SEI), a passivating layer on typically the anode active material (graphite), thus resulting in loss of conductivity and higher cell resistance. For the cathode phase transitions, structural disorder and metal dissolution are major aging effects. Corrosion of various materials in the battery and mechanical contact loss of active particles or current collectors are also an issue.2-4 One major goal is to understand the general reaction mechanism of the Li-intercalation process in the anode respectively cathode materials. The fundamental understanding of battery processes is a key for improving battery performance (e.g., in terms of energy density and power density) and lifetime.The small-angle scattering method is commonly used to gain information about the nanostructure of the investigated materials (i.e., size, volume and shape of particles). In combination with the special properties of neutrons, like the high penetration depth in materials, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can be used as a powerful tool for in situ investigations of Li-ion batteries. SANS can help to understand changes on the nanoscale of particles in cycled cells and during cell cycling. Our study's primary goal is to adapt, develop and extend this ...

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Section: Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 14 (Color Online): A) Cell Potential and B) Integratmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) on Li-Ion Batteries

Seidlmayer

Hattendorff

Buchberger

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Neutron scattering methods undergo an increasing relevance for studies of lithium-ion batteries on different length scales, e.g. neutron imaging 3 4 5 , reflectometry 6 , small-angle neutron scattering 7 8 9 10 , quasielastic neutron scattering 11 and powder diffraction 5 12 13 14 15 16 17 . In situ experiments with neutrons are performed on self-developed test cells and commercial Li-ion cells of different designs depending on the research needs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Homogeneity of lithium distribution in cylinder-type Li-ion batteries

Senyshyn

Mühlbauer

Dolotko

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Spatially-resolved neutron powder diffraction with a gauge volume of 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 has been applied as an in situ method to probe the lithium concentration in the graphite anode of different Li-ion cells of 18650-type in charged state. Structural studies performed in combination with electrochemical measurements and X-ray computed tomography under real cell operating conditions unambiguously revealed non-homogeneity of the lithium distribution in the graphite anode. Deviations from a homogeneous behaviour have been found in both radial and axial directions of 18650-type cells and were discussed in the frame of cell geometry and electrical connection of electrodes, which might play a crucial role in the homogeneity of the lithium distribution in the active materials within each electrode.

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“…Compared to SAXS, SANS has been widely used in the characterization of LIBs. Mamun et al studied the pore structures of raw anode materials and Bridges et al gained insights into the formation of the SEI on hard‐carbon anodes …”

Section: Novel Methods For Sodium‐ion Battery Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Methods for Sodium‐Ion Battery Materials

Zhao

et al. 2017

Small Methods

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Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) as an ideal candidate for large‐scale energy‐storage systems (ESSs) have been the subject of extensive attention worldwide as a result of the ever‐growing energy demands. Development of advanced NIB techniques with potentially higher performance is of great concern to meet the requirements of ESSs. Based on modern material characterization methods and technological optimizations, the systematic understanding of rechargeable batteries has been further developed. Novel methods for NIB materials could provide a rational guideline for the fundamental understanding and practical optimization of battery systems. Here, the focus is mainly on a discussion of novel or fresh experimental methods and characterization techniques for NIB materials from the relationships between properties and performances, which are roughly classified into four parts: structure‐related techniques, composition‐related techniques, size‐ and morphology‐related techniques, and surface‐ and interface‐related techniques. Respective detection mechanisms of each method will be discussed, and special attention is paid to examples of these characterization techniques for NIB devices. It is hoped that by the study of NIB‐related details, a certain reference to the development of advanced materials can be provided.

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Neutron-scattering studies on carbon anode materials used in lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

In Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) on Li-Ion Batteries

In Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) on Li-Ion Batteries

Homogeneity of lithium distribution in cylinder-type Li-ion batteries

Novel Methods for Sodium‐Ion Battery Materials

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