Neutron Radiography

Chankow, Nares

doi:10.5772/35650

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, Gd's neutron capturing ability is used in neutron radiography for nondestructive testing of specimens (rubber, plastic, chemicals). Foil made with Gd is the best metallic screen used in the above-mentioned technique because of its high neutron absorption cross section, generating good images with high resolution and not becoming a radioisotope after measurements (Chankow 2012). Addition of Gd improves the workability of iron, chromium, and related alloys.…”

Section: Application Of Gdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments

Rogowska

Olkowska²,

Ratajczyk³

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

152

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Since the 1980s, gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been routinely used in magnetic resonance imaging as stable chelates of the Gd ion, without toxic effects. Generally, GBCAs are considered some of the safest contrast agents. However, it has been observed that they can accumulate in patient tissue, bone, and probably brain (causing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with kidney failure or insufficiency and disturbance of calcium homeostasis in the organism). The GBCAs are predominantly removed renally without metabolization. Subsequently, they do not undergo degradation processes in wastewater-treatment plants and are emitted into the aquatic ecosystem. Their occurrence was confirmed in surface waters (up to 1100 ng/L), sediments (up to 90.5 μg/g), and living organisms. Based on a literature review, there is a need to investigate the contamination of different ecosystems and to ascertain the environmental fate of Gd. Long-term ecotoxicological data, degradation, metabolism, bioaccumulation processes, and biochemical effects of the Gd complexes should be explored. These data can be used to assess detailed environmental risks because currently only hotspots with high levels of Gd can be marked as dangerous for aquatic environments according to environmental risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1523-1534. © 2018 SETAC.

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Section: Application Of Gdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments

Rogowska

Olkowska²,

Ratajczyk³

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

152

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“…Neutron radiography (NR) is a non-destructive material testing method that provides the possibility to determine the existence, location, size, morphology, and, in some cases, even the chemical composition of structures and materials inside an object [15,16]. When X-ray imaging is impossible, NR imaging is the best choice for performing real-time measurements of dynamic processes involving relatively thick samples (some cm's range), which usually have high attenuating power against X-rays and/or containing components invisible for X-rays.…”

Section: Filling Process Analysis By Neutron Radiography 221 Neutron ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both NR and X-ray investigations are based on the quantification of the transmission, T, which is defined as the ratio of the transmitted beam intensity to the incident beam intensity, Equation (1) [15]. The transmission of a monoenergetic pencil beam is expressed by the Beer-Lamber law as presented by Equation (2) [15,16] with help of Equation (3) [15], where 𝐼 is the transmitted beam intensity, 𝐼 is the incident beam intensity, Σ is the local linear Although both neutrons and X-rays can produce shadow images, the fundamental physical interaction with the matter is different because neutrons interact with the atomic nucleus while X-rays interact with the electron shell of the atoms. Both NR and X-ray investigations are based on the quantification of the transmission, T, which is defined as the ratio of the transmitted beam intensity to the incident beam intensity, Equation (1) [15].…”

Section: Filling Process Analysis By Neutron Radiography 221 Neutron ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Thermal Neutron Radiography for Filling Process Analysis and CFD Model Validation of Visco-Dampers

et al. 2023

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The visco-damper is a crucial engine accessory from an operation- as well as vehicle-safety point of view. The service life of this damping product is determined by the degradation of the silicone oil applied to it. The thermal and mechanical degradation of the oil starts not at the first operation of the damper, but at the manufacturing stage when the oil is filled into the damper’s gap at high pressure. Finite volume method-based computational fluid dynamic calculations provide an opportunity to optimize the filling process by minimizing the oil degradation. A three-dimensional, transient, non-Newtonian, multiphase, coupled fluid dynamic and heat transfer simulation model was developed to analyse the filling process and to investigate the effect of the slide bearing’s cut-off position on the filling process. Dynamic thermal neutron radiography was employed to visualize the filling of a test damper for model validation from viscous and fluid dynamic aspects. Distinct properties of neutrons compared to the more commonly applied X-rays were proven to be an effective tool for real-time monitoring of the silicone oil’s front propagation in the damper’s gap and for quantifying the characteristics of the filling process. Visual matching and comparison of propagation times and oil front velocity profiles were used to validate the simulation results.

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“…This way the full dynamic range of the 16bit grayscale was used and saturation of pixels was avoided. Neutron radiograms (NR) represent the integral of the attenuation throughout the sample [24]. During tomography, a set of radiographic images, the so-called projections, is acquired as the object is incrementally rotated.…”

Section: Test Setup and Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the density distribution in cemented carbide powder compacts using 3D neutron imaging

et al. 2019

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Spray-dried refractory carbide and metal powder mixtures, containing tungsten carbide, is compacted and sintered during the production of conventional cutting tool inserts. Since friction between the pressing tool and the powder gives rise to density gradients in the powder compact, shrinkage during sintering is uneven. The shape of the sintered blank is important and can be predicted with finite element (FE) simulations. To validate the simulation of the pressing procedure, the density gradients in the powder compacts must be measured with a high spatial resolution. Since tungsten has a high atomic number, it is hard to penetrate with X-rays and even cold neutrons. We show here that using a polychromatic beam of thermal neutrons, along with beam-hardening correction, such measurements can be successfully realized. The obtained results show good agreement with corresponding FE-simulations. Also, deliberate differences in the compaction process could be verified with the neutron measurements.

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Neutron Radiography

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments

Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments

Dynamic Thermal Neutron Radiography for Filling Process Analysis and CFD Model Validation of Visco-Dampers

Determining the density distribution in cemented carbide powder compacts using 3D neutron imaging

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