Neutron emission and the tritium content associated with deuterium-loaded palladium and titanium metals

Wolf, K.; Packham, N.J.C.; Lawson, Del R.; Shoemaker, J.L.; Cheng, Feifei; Wass, J. C.

doi:10.1007/bf02627575

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…al. [12] reported excess tritium production (-6 hour bursts) with a rate (10-I0sec-') comparable to that inferred from the excess heat generation observed by of Fleischmann et.…”

Section: Chain Reaction Iiypotheses For Cold Fusion With Electrolysissupporting

confidence: 71%

“…However, very low reported values [12,[15][16][17] of the neutron production rate ( 5 10-23sec-' per D-D pair) compared with the reported rates of tritium production (-6 hour burst, IO-"sec-') (121 and excess heat generation (-da.ys to weeks, with an inferred D-D fusion rate of 10-lOsec-') [4,11,131 are inconsistent with the chain-reaction hypotheses, (1) --f (2) and (3) 7 (4). In any case, it is important and crucial to determlne experimentally whether the tritium production (121 is accompanied by a comparable neutron production during the period of -6 hour tritium production bursts.…”

Section: Chain Reaction Iiypotheses For Cold Fusion With Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 86%

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Neutron-induced fission-fusion process for power generation and cold fusion with electrolysis

Kim

IEEE Thirteenth Symposium on Fusion Engineering

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A theory of neutron-induced tritium-deuterium fusion is described. The process involves self-sustaining chain reactions:(1) n + ' L i + 4He + T and/or n + 'Lt 4 4He t T + n, and (2) T + D -+ 4He + n, in Lz -D plasma or pellets surrounded by Li and other blankets and by neutron reflectorst [1,2]. It has been suggested [3] that the excess heat generation observed by Fleischmann, Pons, and Hawkins (FPH) in their electrolysis experiment [4] may be due to this fission-fusion process at room temperature. The proposed fission-fusion process is first described in a more general context without the use of electrolysis for the purpose of suggesting new designs for large-scale fissionfusion reactors for power generationt [1,2]. Then, the FPH effect [4] is described as a special case of the proposed fission-fusion process which involves electrolysis with a Pd cathode. Other plausible explanations of the FPH effect are also discussed. In t ro d tic t,ionRecently, a new type of neutron-induced hybrid confinement fission-fusion was proposed for large-scale power generation [ 1,2], which is radically different from conventional approach to fusion. There are two main approaches being currently pursued in controlled thermonuclear T-D fusion. One is magnetic confinement fusion (mainly the tokamak-type designs) and the other is inertial confinement fusion (mainly through laser-driven implosion). For the tokamak-type design, attempts are being made to achieve a density of n z 1V4cm-3 and a confinement time of T -1 sec. For the inertial confinement fusion driven by an intense pulsed laser beam, attempts are being made to achieve a density of , . , 1 0 2 6 n -3 via implosion caused by a 0.1 n sec laser pulse. For both cases, the aim is to satisfy Lawson's criteria, n~ 2 3 x 10'4m-3sec, for T-D fusion ignition at a plasma temperature of kT 2, 10 keV. In this paper, several pellet designs are described to achieve a plasma density of 5 10'9cm-3 and a confinement time 7 2 10-5sec for the neutron-induced fission-fusion.Tritium production and excess heat generation a.bove that due to the electrode reaction recently reported by Fleischman, Pons, and Hawkins (FPH) [l] and others in their electrolysis experiments with a palladium cathode immersed in heavy water (with 0.1M LiOD) are not consistent with existing theoretical estimates for deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion rates, which are too small at room temperature. However, a combination of known nuclear reactions can form a set of closed chain reactions which may become self-sustaining at a critical stage under favorable conditions and geometries, as in the well-known case of neutron-induced fission chain reactions. The FPH effect is described in terms of chain-reaction processes involving (a) neutron-induced fission-fusion chain reactions [l, 31 and (b) neutron-induced photonuclear chain reactions in palladium deuteride [5]. In addition to the chain-reaction processes, the conventional theoretical estimates are re-examined fnr possible uncertairitim such a.s the valit1it.v of the extrapolati...

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“…al. [12] reported excess tritium production (-6 hour bursts) with a rate (10-I0sec-') comparable to that inferred from the excess heat generation observed by of Fleischmann et.…”

Section: Chain Reaction Iiypotheses For Cold Fusion With Electrolysissupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Chain Reaction Iiypotheses For Cold Fusion With Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Neutron-induced fission-fusion process for power generation and cold fusion with electrolysis

Kim

IEEE Thirteenth Symposium on Fusion Engineering

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“…In the experiment of (Klein et al 1990), the largest average excess heat result was for an experiment where the neutron signal was not shown; we have used in this case an estimate of the uncertainty to be about 20% of the background for the other experiments where the data was given. In (Wolf et al 1990), it is mentioned that an excess heat event at the 5-15% level was seen for a Srinivasan cell.…”

Section: Neutron Measurements During Excess Heat Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on energetic particles in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment

Hagelstein

2010

Naturwissenschaften

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In recent Fleischmann-Pons experiments carried out by different groups, a thermal signal is seen indicative of excess energy production of a magnitude much greater than can be accounted for by chemistry. Correlated with the excess heat appears to be 4 He, with the associated energy near 24 MeV per helium atom. In nuclear reactions, the energy produced is expressed through the kinetic energy of the products; hence it would be natural to assume that some of the reaction energy ends up as kinetic energy of the 4 He nucleus. Depending on the energy that the helium nucleus is born with, it will result in radiation (such as neutrons or x-rays) that can be seen outside of the cell. We have computed estimates of the expected neutron and x-ray emission as a function of helium energy, and compared the results with upper limits taken from experiments.Experimental results with upper limits of neutron emission between 0.008 to 0.8 n/J are found to correspond to upper limits in alpha energy between 6.2 keV and 20.2 keV.

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“…The observation of 2.45 MeV neutrons [26,27,30,31] and of energetic protons emitted from thin foil electrodes [52] in particle emission experiments shows that the outgoing channels may involve processes of the type i) and ii) but the marked changes in the relative cross-sections show that the lattice profoundly influences the course of the overall processes. This is also shown by the observation of highly energetic particles of mass 3 (probably tritons) from gas-loaded samples [53] and from ion-implanted foils [54] as well as of neutrons in the 4 to 6 MeV range [31].…”

Section: Clusters Of Particles On Ordered Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible theories of cold fusion

1994

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Summary. -We review some of the key facts in the phenomenology of Pdhydrides usually referred to as «cold fusion». We conclude that all theoretical attempts that concentrate only on few-body interactions, both electromagnetic and nuclear, are probably insufficient to explain such phenomena. On the other hand we find good indications that theories describing collective, coherent interactions among elementary constituents leading to macroscopic quantum-mechanical effects belong to the class of possible theories of those phenomena.PACS 12.20.Ds -Specific calculations and limits of quantum electrodynamics.PACS 52.55.Pi -Confinement in fusion experiments (including α-particle effects, scaling laws, etc.).Introduction.

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Neutron emission and the tritium content associated with deuterium-loaded palladium and titanium metals

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Neutron-induced fission-fusion process for power generation and cold fusion with electrolysis

Neutron-induced fission-fusion process for power generation and cold fusion with electrolysis

Constraints on energetic particles in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment

Possible theories of cold fusion

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