Neutron diffraction measurement of the residual stress in the cementite and ferrite phases of cold-drawn steel wires

Acker, Karel Van; Root, J.H.; Houtte, Paul Van; Aernoudt, Etienne

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(96)00051-1

Cited by 90 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As a result, heavy plastic strains appear in the final wire, causing strain hardening (increasing the material strength) and non-negligible residual stress. It is a common practice to obtain those states from numerical simulation of the cold drawing process by FE [6,8,10], and experimentally by means of synchrotron and neutron diffraction techniques [25], and more recently by laser ultrasonic [26]. In both procedures, similar values were obtained for conventional prestressing steels.…”

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Overloading on the Reduction of Residual Stress by Cyclic Loading in Cold-Drawn Prestressing Steel Wires

et al. 2017

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Prestressing steel wires are commonly used as reinforcement elements in structures bearing fatigue loads. These wires are obtained by a conforming process called cold drawing, where a progressive reduction of the wire diameter is produced, causing residual stress in the commercial wire. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of diverse in-service cyclic loading conditions (cyclic loading and cyclic loading with overload) on such a residual stress field. To achieve this goal, firstly, a numerical simulation of the wire drawing process of a commercial prestressing steel wire was carried out to reveal the residual stress state induced by the manufacture technique. Afterwards, a numerical simulation was performed of the in-service loading conditions of a prestressing steel wire in which the previously calculated residual stress state is included. The analysis of the obtained results shows a significant reduction of the residual stress state of about 50% for common in-service loadings and as high as 90% for certain cases undergoing overloads during cyclic loading. Therefore, an improvement of the mechanical performance of these structural components during their life in-service can be achieved.

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Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Overloading on the Reduction of Residual Stress by Cyclic Loading in Cold-Drawn Prestressing Steel Wires

et al. 2017

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“…Reported thermal microstresses in ferrite of pearlitic steels vary from almost zero to 50 MPa in annealing condition after cold drawing [9,10]. This means that the influence of microstresses alone may not explain the observed discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of Residual Stress in Stress Harps of Grey Iron by Experiment and Simulation

Schmidt

Peng

Davydov³

et al. 2014

AMR

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Stress harps with bars of different size were used to study residual stresses due to different cooling rate during casting of a grey iron. Finite element (FE) simulations were performed to predict residual stresses from the casting process and the effect of a stress relieving heat treatment. Intended for validating the simulations, neutron diffraction (ND) and hole drilling methods were used to measure the residual stress distribution through the thickness and in a thin surface layer, respectively. Good agreement between the FE simulations and ND measurements is observed for the annealed harp and the normal and transverse directions of the as cast harp. Discrepancy occurs in the axial direction and especially in the side bars of the as cast harp for which the simulation shows much higher compressive residual stresses. The observed difference between the different techniques was discussed with respect to the characteristics of the different methods.

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“…Experimental details are given elsewhere [30], Residual stresses were measured at a number of points at the rod surface by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The measurements Some authors have also measured residual stresses in cementite by X-ray diffraction [18][19][20], neutron diffraction [7,9,21,22] and high-energy synchrotron radiation [10,14], Cementite stresses are frequently averaged over the whole cross-section of the sample, in an attempt to improve the poor peak statistics. For example, Van Acker et al [7] obtained ferrite and cementite stress values averaged over the cross-section of thin wires (cold-drawn from 3.22 to 1.22 mm) and inferred strain profiles using a layer removal technique and subsequent corrections for stress relaxation.…”

Section: Characterization Of Residual Stresses In Prestressing Steel mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work carried out in this field over the last years [7][8][9][10][11] has shown that it is now possible to obtain reliable quantitative residual stress values and, in addition to this, to compute numerically residual stresses by modeling the cold-drawing process. Moreover, these results have been successfully correlated with the mechanical performance and durability of these steels, particularly with fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Residual Stresses in the Performance and Durability of Prestressing Steel Wires

2012

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Residual stresses developed during wire drawing influence the mechanical behavior and durability of steel wires used for prestressed concrete structures, particularly the shape of the stress-strain curve, stress relaxation losses, fatigue life, and environmental cracking susceptibility. The availability of general purpose finite element analysis tools and powerful diffraction techniques (X-rays and neutrons) has made it possible to predict and measure accurately residual stress fields in cold-drawn steel wires. Work carried out in this field in the past decade, shows the prospects and limitations of residual stress measurement, how the stress relaxation losses and environmentally-assisted cracking are correlated with the profile of residual stresses and how the performance of steel wires can be improved by modifying such a stress profile.

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Neutron diffraction measurement of the residual stress in the cementite and ferrite phases of cold-drawn steel wires

Cited by 90 publications

References 15 publications

The Role of Overloading on the Reduction of Residual Stress by Cyclic Loading in Cold-Drawn Prestressing Steel Wires

The Role of Overloading on the Reduction of Residual Stress by Cyclic Loading in Cold-Drawn Prestressing Steel Wires

Analysis of Residual Stress in Stress Harps of Grey Iron by Experiment and Simulation

The Role of Residual Stresses in the Performance and Durability of Prestressing Steel Wires

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