Neutron diffraction and electrochemical studies of LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2

Yin, Shih-Chieh; Rho, Young-Ho; Swainson, I. P.; Nazar, Linda F.

doi:10.1557/proc-835-k11.10

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Indeed, it was reported in MCN that the electrode capacity decreased to ∼80 mAh g –1 after 25 cycles when the cutoff potential for charge was set as high as 4.8 V, which is in good agreement with the present results. The cycle test was, therefore, also performed with the lower cutoff potential of 4.3 V (Figure S3 in the Supporting Information), with which the Li extraction was limited to roughly half of the initial composition and usually MCN shows the reversible capacity of more than 170 mAh g –1 . Nevertheless, the cyclability of CMCN and CMFCN was not significantly improved; the capacity after 50 cycles was 60 and 75 mAh g –1 for CMFCN and CMCN, respectively, which implies that the degradation mechanism of these materials would be different from that of MCN.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is well-known that excessive Li extraction from structures destabilizes the crystalline structure, eventually leading to a significant capacity decrease . Indeed, it was reported in MCN that the electrode capacity decreased to ∼80 mAh g –1 after 25 cycles when the cutoff potential for charge was set as high as 4.8 V, which is in good agreement with the present results. The cycle test was, therefore, also performed with the lower cutoff potential of 4.3 V (Figure S3 in the Supporting Information), with which the Li extraction was limited to roughly half of the initial composition and usually MCN shows the reversible capacity of more than 170 mAh g –1 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Influences of Enhanced Entropy in Layered Rocksalt Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kawaguchi

Bian

Hatakeyama

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Utilizing high-entropy (HE) effects is a promising strategy to design cathode materials for rechargeable batteries. The fundamental understanding of the charge/discharge mechanism is, however, still nascent because of structural complexity and several redox elements in this class of materials. Therefore, the effects of the configurational entropy (S config ) on the electrode properties were studied in LiCr

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Influences of Enhanced Entropy in Layered Rocksalt Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kawaguchi

Bian

Hatakeyama

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Structural refinement confirmed the samples to be of the layered R3̅ m type, in agreement with literature reports. 18,32 At first glance, the continuous and steady evolution of Bragg reflections of both NCM materials indicates no structural phase transition with cycling. Nevertheless, it is known that pure Li x NiO 2 (being one component of the quasiternary NCM phase system) undergoes a transition from rhombohedral to monoclinic symmetry at intermediate lithium content (0.75 < x(Li) < 0.5).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Lattice Strain and Mechanical Degradation of High- and Low-Nickel NCM Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Kondrakov¹,

Schmidt²,

Xu³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

523

534

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In the near future, the targets for lithium-ion batteries concerning specific energy and cost can advantageously be met by introducing layered LiNi x Co y Mn z O2 (NCM) cathode materials with a high Ni content (x ≥ 0.6). Increasing the Ni content allows for the utilization of more lithium at a given cell voltage, thereby improving the specific capacity but at the expense of cycle life. Here, the capacity-fading mechanisms of both typical low-Ni NCM (x = 0.33, NCM111) and high-Ni NCM (x = 0.8, NCM811) cathodes are investigated and compared from crystallographic and microstructural viewpoints. In situ X-ray diffraction reveals that the unit cells undergo different volumetric changes of around 1.2 and 5.1% for NCM111 and NCM811, respectively, when cycled between 3.0 and 4.3 V vs Li/Li+. Volume changes for NCM811 are largest for x(Li) < 0.5 because of the severe decrease in interlayer lattice parameter c from 14.467(1) to 14.030(1) Å. In agreement, in situ light microscopy reveals that delithiation leads to different volume contractions of the secondary particles of (3.3 ± 2.4) and (7.8 ± 1.5)% for NCM111 and NCM811, respectively. And postmortem cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy analysis indicates more significant microcracking in the case of NCM811. Overall, the results establish that the accelerated aging of NCM811 is related to the disintegration of secondary particles caused by intergranular fracture, which is driven by mechanical stress at the interfaces between the primary crystallites.

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“…[15,40,41] Structural changes in the cathode can have various causes. For example, a strong discharge of the cathode leads to a phase transformation with strong volumetric expansion, which can lead to crystal defects when recharging [42]. NMC is also known for a change of the layer structure.…”

Section: Ageing Of Active Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the production of the single cell to the end of life of the battery module: the development of parameter variation of lithium-ion cells

Oeser¹

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(English) In lithium-ion batteries, depending on the requirements, many individual cells are connected in series and parallel. Despite very similar individual cell parameters after production, they can develop differently during the subsequent ageing process due to intrinsic and extrinsic influences. A pronounced parameter variation of the assembled cells ultimately leads to a reduced utilisation of the lithium-ion battery and thus also to a reduced lifetime. The aim of this work is therefore to gain a better understanding of the origin and development of parameter variation during the ageing process. The work is divided into three major parts. At the beginning, parameters such as capacity and internal resistance of 480 brand-new cells of one production batch are recorded. The obtained values allow the calculation of the production-related parameter variation of the cells. In order to investigate the development of the parameter variation during cell ageing, numerous ageing tests are carried out in this work. These are divided into single cell tests and module tests. With the help of single cell ageing tests, the development of the parameter variation of unconnected cells is investigated. Here, several cells are combined into groups and aged under identical conditions. In order to show the influence of different operating conditions on the parameter variation during single cell ageing, the cell groups are aged at different temperatures and different load currents. Finally, by ageing various self-built modules, the development of the parameter variation of cells connected in series and in parallel is investigated. By varying the load current and the number of cells connected in parallel, further dependencies are investigated. The measured data show that both the load on the cells and the ambient temperature have a decisive influence on the development of parameter variation. Operating conditions near the lithium plating boundary are particularly problematic. Since the onset of lithium plating varies slightly between the ageing cells, there are extreme differences in the ageing rate over a certain period of time. This ultimately leads to large parameter variations in the tests carried out. The cells used in this work are cylindrical cells in 18650 format with a nominal capacity of 2.6 Ah (Samsung ICR18650-26J). The high-energy cells consist of a NMC cathode and a graphite anode. (Català) Les bateries de ions de liti estan formades per l’associació sèrie i paral·lel de diferents cel·les en funció dels requeriments. Malgrat que els processos productius asseguren molt poques variacions en la fabricació, aquestes poden evolucionar en el temps de manera diferent degut a les influències internes o externes. Si aquesta variació dels paràmetres de cada cel·la és molt gran es reduirà la capacitat i la vida útil de la bateria. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és aprofundir en el coneixement de l’origen dels fenòmens que provoquen la variació dels paràmetres característics de la bateria durant el seu ús i el pas del temps. El treball està dividit en tres grans parts. Inicialment, s’han mesurat paràmetres com la capacitat o la resistència interna de 480 cel·les noves del mateix lot. Els valors obtinguts han permès calcular la variació de paràmetres deguda al procés productiu. Per tal d’investigar la variació dels paràmetres també durant l’ús i envelliment de les cel·les s’han realitzat tests tant de cel·les individuals com de mòduls de bateries. Amb l’ajut de l’envelliment de cel·les individuals s’investiga l’envelliment de cel·les no connectades entre elles. A partir d’aquest punt, diferents cel·les s’han convinat en grup i s’han envellit en les mateixes condicions. Per tal de poder observar la influència de les diferents condicions d’operació en la variació dels paràmetres durant l’envelliment, altres grups s’han envellit en diferents condicions de temperatura i càrrega. Finalment, mitjançant l’envelliment de diferents grups de cel·les connectades en sèrie i en paral·lel formant una bateria s’han envellit i monitoritzat els seus paràmetres. Les dades obtingudes mostren que tant el nivell de càrrega de les cel·les com la temperatura ambient tenen una influència decisiva en la variació dels paràmetres. Condicions d’operació properes a la metal·lització del liti (lithium plating) són particularment problemàtiques. Atès que l'inici de la metal·lització del liti varia lleugerament entre les cèl·lules envellides, existeixen diferencies extremes entre cel·les. Això provoca grans variacions dels paràmetres de les cel·les envellides. Les cel·les usades en aquest treball són cilíndriques del tipus 18650 amb una capacitat nominal de 2.6 Ah. Les cel·les, d’alta energia, consisteixen un càtode NMC i un ànode de grafit

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Neutron diffraction and electrochemical studies of Li_xNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Influences of Enhanced Entropy in Layered Rocksalt Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Influences of Enhanced Entropy in Layered Rocksalt Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Anisotropic Lattice Strain and Mechanical Degradation of High- and Low-Nickel NCM Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

From the production of the single cell to the end of life of the battery module: the development of parameter variation of lithium-ion cells

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