Neutron and X-ray residual stress analysis of steel parts produced by cold forward extrusion and tube drawing

The evolution of the engineering materials, manufacturing processes, as well as of many mechanical parts have required more and more the development of new techniques and methods to their analyses. The metalworking of the metallic materials by plastic deformation generates internal stresses called residual stresses, which can result changes in the materials' expected mechanical behavior. This paper presents the analyses of these residual stresses in stamped valves by X-ray diffraction and also by the finite element method. Therefore, in this context, it was developed an alternative method to the usual sen 2 ψ to determine the residual stresses by X-ray diffraction on small areas, the same method utilized to the residual stresses determination in thin film layers. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction were compared to experimental results as well as to the results from the numeral simulation with the finite elements method (FEM). Fatigue tests were carried out in a endurance bench applying alternate reverse bending on dynamical valves under the following manufacturing conditions: (a) just blanked; (b) blanked and plastically deformed on specific regions of the higher stresses and (c) blanked, plastically deformed and plus an additional abrasive process applied in order to minimize or eliminate regions of the potential crack initiation, previously identified in the numerical simulation. The results obtained in the fatigue tests have proven the validity of the methods used to analyze the residual stresses.

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“…2.2) and pass through the determination of the stress tensor by the use of the constitutive equations [7,8]. These Eqs.…”

Section: Residual Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of residual stresses on stamped valves by X-ray diffraction and finite elements method

Martins¹,

Cardoso

Fraymann

et al. 2006

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…The neutron method has been applied to measure the internal distribution of the residual stress due to plastic forming such as tube drawing and cold expansion of holes [13,14]. Plastic forming introduces the preferred orientation, or texture, of material, which can easily be measured by neutron diffraction.…”

Section: Plastically Deformed Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stresses in Engineering Materials and Components

Tanaka¹,

Akiniwa²,

Hayashi³

2002

Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan

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The neutron diffraction method provides a powerful nondestructive method to measure the loading and residual stresses in the interior of the materials and has been applied to the determination of the residual stress distribution in various engineering structures such as welded and brazed joints. The neutron method also gives useful information on the microscopic stress or the intergranular stress induced in single and multiphase materials by plastic deformation and fatigue. The method is also available for the determination of texture and phase transformation inside the materials. The present paper reviews the fundamentals for stress measurements and the latest applications of the neutron diffraction method in the field of materials science and engineering. Several directions of future developments of the neutron method are suggested.

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“…Techniques utilizing X-ray or neutron diffraction have been extensively used to determine the residual stresses in components manufactured from polycrystalline materials. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In these techniques, the lattice strains for single or multiple sets of crystallographic planes are measured in several directions for a particular representative volume. In some cases, full X-ray patterns are used to obtain the structure, strain, and preferred orientation information simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of residual stress in a microtextured α titanium component using high-energy synchrotron X-rays

Park

Ray

Dawson

et al. 2016

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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A shrink-fit sample is manufactured with a Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy to introduce a multiaxial residual stress field in the disk of the sample. A set of strain and orientation pole figures are measured at various locations across the disk using synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction. Two approaches-the traditional sin 2 C method and the bi-scale optimization method-are taken to determine the stresses in the disk based on the measured strain and orientation pole figures, to explore the range of solutions that are possible for the stress field within the disk. While the stress components computed using the sin 2 C method and the bi-scale optimization method have similar trends, their magnitudes are significantly different. It is suspected that the local texture variation in the material is the cause of this discrepancy.

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Neutron and X-ray residual stress analysis of steel parts produced by cold forward extrusion and tube drawing

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Analyses of residual stresses on stamped valves by X-ray diffraction and finite elements method

Analyses of residual stresses on stamped valves by X-ray diffraction and finite elements method

Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stresses in Engineering Materials and Components

Determination of residual stress in a microtextured α titanium component using high-energy synchrotron X-rays

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