Neutrino Sources from a Multi-Messenger Perspective

Abstract

The field of high-energy neutrino astronomy is undergoing a rapid evolution. After the discovery of a diffuse flux of astrophysical TeV-PeV neutrinos in 2013, the Ice-Cube observatory has recently found first compelling evidence for neutrino emission from blazars. In this brief review, I will summarize the status of these neutrino observations and highlight the strong role of multi-messenger astronomy for their interpretation.

Design and sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

“…In addition to building on experiences with dedicated radio neutrino experiments, RNO-G also profits from knowledge gained at accelerator experiments about the nature of the in-medium emission from particle showers [31][32][33][34], as well as those from mid-scale air shower arrays measuring the A multi-messenger view of the high-energy universe, inspired by [43], showing the science reach for radio detection of neutrinos. Shown are models predicting neutrinos from sources (in red lines) [44][45][46][47][48][49] and those from the interaction of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays with various photon backgrounds (in dark yellow lines).…”

“…[35][36][37][38][39]. First efforts at exploring the feasibility 2021 JINST 16 P03025 A multi-messenger view of the high-energy universe, inspired by [43], showing the science reach for radio detection of neutrinos. Shown are models predicting neutrinos from sources (in red lines) [44][45][46][47][48][49] and those from the interaction of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays with various photon backgrounds (in dark yellow lines).…”

Design and Sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

“…[35][36][37][38][39]. First efforts at exploring the feasibility of a detector in Greenland have been conducted previously by members of the collaboration [40][41][42] and have encouraged the development of RNO-G. A multi-messenger view of the high-energy universe, inspired by [43], showing the science reach for radio detection of neutrinos. Shown are models predicting neutrinos from sources (in red lines) [44][45][46][47][48][49] and those from the interaction of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays with various photon backgrounds (in dark yellow lines).…”

“…Figure1. A multi-messenger view of the high-energy universe, inspired by[43], showing the science reach for radio detection of neutrinos. Shown are models predicting neutrinos from sources (in red lines)[44][45][46][47][48][49] and those from the interaction of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays with various photon backgrounds (in dark yellow lines).…”

Towards a Luminosity Function of TeV Gamma-ray Blazars

“…Blazar jets may produce neutrinos as well as gamma rays via pion production if they contain relativistic protons. Extrapolating the energy density of the gamma-ray blazar EGRB contribution to that of the isotropic high-energy neutrino flux using a power-law emission model provides a source-independent way to estimate the extent to which blazars produce high-energy neutrinos [1]. In addition, emission above ∼50-100 GeV can produce election-positron pairs and generate secondary gamma rays via cascade emission, contributing to the MeV-GeV EGRB [10].…”