Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with nuPyProp

Garg, Diksha; Patel, Sameer; Reno, Mary Hall; Reustle, Alexander; Akaike, Yosui; Anchordoqui, Luis A.; Bergman, Douglas; Buckland, Isaac; Cummings, Austin; Eser, Johannes; Garcia, Fred; Guépin, Claire; Heibges, Tobias; Ludwig, Andrew; Krizmanic, John F.; Mackovjak, Š.; Mayotte, E.; Mayotte, Sonja; Olinto, Angela V.; Paul, T.; Romero-Wolf, Andrés; Sarazin, F.; Venters, Tonia M.; Wiencke, L.; Wissel, Stephanie

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/041

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…e.g. [63,64,65,66,60,67]. Though PEANUTS v1.0 does not yet provide all the functionalities that other software tools have, it vastly outperforms them in speed, which can be a critical factor in e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEANUTS: a software for the automatic computation of solar neutrino flux and its propagation within Earth

Gonzalo¹,

Lucente²

2023

Preprint

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We present PEANUTS (Propagation and Evolution of Active NeUTrinoS), an open-source Python package for the automatic computation of solar neutrino spectra and active neutrino propagation through Earth. PEANUTS is designed to be fast, by employing analytic formulae for the neutrino propagation through varying matter density, and flexible, by allowing the user to input arbitrary solar models, custom Earth density profiles and general detector locations. It provides functionalities for a fully automated simulation of solar neutrino fluxes at a detector, as well as access to individual routines to perform more specialised computations. The software has been extensively tested against the results of the SNO experiment, providing excellent agreement with their results. In addition, the present text contains a pedagogical derivation of the relations needed to compute the oscillated solar neutrino spectra, neutrino propagation through Earth and nadir exposure of an experiment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEANUTS: a software for the automatic computation of solar neutrino flux and its propagation within Earth

Gonzalo¹,

Lucente²

2023

Preprint

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“…For incident 𝜈 𝜏 , propagation through the Earth involves a series of neutrino interactions and 𝜏lepton decays (regeneration), while for 𝜈 𝜇 , only a single 𝜈 𝜇 → 𝜇 interaction is required since muons lose so much energy in transit through the Earth. The default model to handle the propagation in 𝜈𝑆 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑚 is nuPyProp [24]. However, the modular design allows to easily use other propagators with little effort, and a version of nuSpaceSim using NuTauSim/NuLeptonSim [25] is currently under development.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2023)1110mentioning

confidence: 99%

nuSpaceSim: A Comprehensive Simulation Package to Model the Optical and Radio Signals from Extensive Air Showers Induced by Cosmic Neutrinos and Measured by Space-based Experiments

Krizmanic¹

2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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𝜈𝑆 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑚 is a comprehensive end-to-end simulation package created to facilitate the design of space-based and suborbital cosmic neutrino experiments that use the Earth as a neutrino converter as well as to understand the data obtained from current experiments. 𝜈𝑆 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑚 models all aspects of the processes that lead to the neutrino-induced extensive air shower (EAS) signals: the modeling of neutrino interactions inside the Earth, propagating the leptons through the Earth into the atmosphere, modeling the tau-lepton decays, forming composite EAS, generating the air optical Cherenkov and radio signals, modeling their propagation and attenuation through the atmosphere. Finally, the response of optical and radio detectors is modeled. 𝜈𝑆 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑚 uses a vectorized Python implementation to efficiently simulate neutrino-induced and background signals at a specific orbit or balloon altitude based on user xml input. The development has been focused on modeling the upward-moving EASs generated from Earth-emergent leptons sourced by neutrino interactions within the Earth, for both diffuse and transient sources accounting for the user-defined acceptance of an instrument. The tau-lepton channel is implemented using the modeling packages nuPyProp and nuLeptonSim. A MERRA-2 database driven application is used to generate cloud maps. Ionosphere dispersion of the radio signals is also modeled. In this paper, the 𝜈𝑆 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑚 software, physics modeling, and the cosmic neutrino measurement capabilities of example experimental configurations will be presented.

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“…The probabilities defined in the previous section can be computed numerically [73][74][75]. However, in this work we use analytic estimates by approximating the PREM parametrization of the Earth density [49] by a set of thin, homogeneous layers.…”

Section: B4 N Exit Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

IceCube and the origin of ANITA-IV events

Bertólez-Martínez

Argüelles

Esteban

et al. 2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Recently, the ANITA collaboration announced the detection of new, unsettling upgoing Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) events. Understanding their origin is pressing to ensure success of the incoming UHE neutrino program. In this work, we study their internal consistency and the implications of the lack of similar events in IceCube. We introduce a generic, simple parametrization to study the compatibility between these two observatories in Standard Model-like and Beyond Standard Model scenarios: an incoming flux of particles that interact with Earth nucleons with cross section σ, producing particle showers along with long-lived particles that decay with lifetime τ and generate a shower that explains ANITA observations. We find that the ANITA angular distribution imposes significant constraints, and when including null observations from IceCube only τ ~ 10−3–10−2 s and σ ~ 10−33– 10−32 cm2 can explain the data. This hypothesis is testable with future IceCube data. Finally, we discuss a specific model that can realize this scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of simultaneous observations by high-energy optical neutrino telescopes and new UHE radio detectors to uncover cosmogenic neutrinos or discover new physics.

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Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with nuPyProp

Cited by 10 publications

References 125 publications

PEANUTS: a software for the automatic computation of solar neutrino flux and its propagation within Earth

PEANUTS: a software for the automatic computation of solar neutrino flux and its propagation within Earth

nuSpaceSim: A Comprehensive Simulation Package to Model the Optical and Radio Signals from Extensive Air Showers Induced by Cosmic Neutrinos and Measured by Space-based Experiments

IceCube and the origin of ANITA-IV events

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