Neutrino oscillation constraints on U(1)′ models: from non-standard interactions to long-range forces

Abstract

We quantify the effect of gauge bosons from a weakly coupled lepton flavor dependent U(1)′ interaction on the matter background in the evolution of solar, atmospheric, reactor and long-baseline accelerator neutrinos in the global analysis of oscillation data. The analysis is performed for interaction lengths ranging from the Sun-Earth distance to effective contact neutrino interactions. We survey ∼ 10000 set of models characterized by the six relevant fermion U(1)′ charges and find that in all cases, constraints on the coupling and mass of the Z′ can be derived. We also find that about 5% of the U(1)′ model charges lead to a viable LMA-D solution but this is only possible in the contact interaction limit. We explicitly quantify the constraints for a variety of models including $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B-3{L}_e} $$ U 1 B − 3 L e , $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B-3{L}_{\mu }} $$ U 1 B − 3 L μ , $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B-3{L}_{\tau }} $$ U 1 B − 3 L τ , $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B-\frac{3}{2}\left({L}_{\mu }+{L}_{\tau}\right)} $$ U 1 B − 3 2 L μ + L τ , $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_e-{L}_{\mu }} $$ U 1 L e − L μ , $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_e-{L}_{\tau }} $$ U 1 L e − L τ , $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_e-\frac{1}{2}\left({L}_{\mu }+{L}_{\tau}\right)} $$ U 1 L e − 1 2 L μ + L τ . We compare the constraints imposed by our oscillation analysis with the strongest bounds from fifth force searches, violation of equivalence principle as well as bounds from scattering experiments and white dwarf cooling. Our results show that generically, the oscillation analysis improves over the existing bounds from gravity tests for Z′ lighter than ∼ 10−8→ 10−11 eV depending on the specific couplings. In the contact interaction limit, we find that for most models listed above there are values of g′ and MZ′ for which the oscillation analysis provides constraints beyond those imposed by laboratory experiments. Finally we illustrate the range of Z′ and couplings leading to a viable LMA-D solution for two sets of models.

Complementarity between dark matter direct searches and CEνNS experiments in U(1)′ models

“…On the other hand, in the left panel of the third row we can see that in the (5.3 × 10 −3 − 0.1) GeV mass range of Z , the only bounds come from oscillation data, from the analysis in ref. [24], whereas above 0.1 GeV for coupling constant below 10 −3 , the relic density calculation explores all the parameter space. Also, above 10 GeV of M Z mass with g greater than 3 × 10 −4 , it is the forthcoming SBC dark matter searches that can able to put the most strong bounds on the allowed parameter space.…”

“…Therefore, the measurement of such low-energy process opens a new window to study and test the SM at low momentum transfer [5][6][7][8], nuclear physics [9][10][11][12], as well as neutrino electromagnetic properties [8,13]. In recent times, many studies suggest that CEνNS is an excellent complement to test new physics beyond the SM, like sterile neutrinos [14][15][16][17], or even non-standard neutrino interactions [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…The limits from global analysis of neutrino oscillation data are shown with the gray line. These limits are obtained in the framework of three flavor neutrinos with NSI generated by the corresponding U(1) models[24].…”

Resolving the LMA-dark NSI degeneracy with coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering

“…Hence, the parameter region of interested to us requires a somewhat non-minimal setup to realise different couplings to up and down quarks. This could be for instance U(1) gauge symmetries beyond the anomaly free combinations [46], or contributions from more than one mediator. We remark that generically in such models also NSI with electrons are induced, which we neglect in our analysis.…”

Sailing the CE$ν$NS Seas of Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions with the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills Experiment

“…[38][39][40]). Bounds of this type apply to most models so long as the mediator is sufficiently heavy ( 10 −12 eV) [41,42].…”