Neutrino geophysics with KamLAND and future prospects

Enomoto, S.; Ohtani, Eiji; Inoue, K.; Suzuki, A.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.038

Cited by 76 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A geo-neutrino flux dominated by the mantle at sites near Hawaii is noted by several authors (Rothschild et al, 1998;Pakvasa 2005;Mantovani et al, 2004;Enomoto et al, 2005). The situation is reversed at a continental location with the same flux from the mantle but about eight times the flux from the crust.…”

Section: Geo-neutrino Detection Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 73%

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Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory

et al. 2006

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Abstract. We consider the detector size, location, depth, background, and radio-purity required of a mid-Pacific deep-ocean instrument to accomplish the twin goals of making a definitive measurement of the electron anti-neutrino flux due to uranium and thorium decays from Earth's mantle and core, and of testing the hypothesis for a natural nuclear reactor at the core of Earth. We take the experience with the KamLAND detector in Japan as our baseline for sensitivity and background estimates. We conclude that an instrument adequate to accomplish these tasks should have an exposure of at least 10 kilotonneyears (kT-y), should be placed at least at 4 km depth, may be located close to the Hawaiian Islands (no significant background from them), and should aim for KamLAND radio-purity levels, except for radon where it should be improved by a factor of at least 100. With an exposure of 10 kT-y we should achieve a 25% measurement of the flux of U/Th neutrinos from the mantle plus core. Exposure at multiple ocean locations for testing lateral heterogeneity is possible.

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Section: Geo-neutrino Detection Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Several groups have made calculations of geo-neutrino fluxes (Raghavan et al, 1998;Rothschild et al, 1998;Fiorentini et al, 2004;Enomoto et al, 2005), and there are two PhD dissertations from KamLAND which contain significant modeling (Tolich 2005;Enomoto 2005). …”

Section: Measurement Of Geo-neutrinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory

et al. 2006

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“…Different calculations for geo-ν production have been presented in the literature [243][244][245][246]): all models rely on the geophysical 2 • ×2 • crustal map of [247] and on the density profile of the mantle as given by the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) [248]. For the calculation of geoneutrino signal we adopt the values of U and Th abundance recommended in [249] for the sedimentary layers and the values reported in [234] for the upper, middle and lower crust (Tab.…”

Section: The Geoneutrino Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA

Wurm

Beacom

Bezrukov

et al. 2012

Astroparticle Physics

212

200

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2As part of the European LAGUNA design study on a next-generation neutrino detector, we propose the liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) as a multipurpose neutrino observatory. The outstanding successes of the Borexino and KamLAND experiments demonstrate the large potential of liquid-scintillator detectors in low-energy neutrino physics. Low energy threshold, good energy resolution and efficient background discrimination are inherent to the liquidscintillator technique. A target mass of 50 kt will offer a substantial increase in detection sensitivity.At low energies, the variety of detection channels available in liquid scintillator will allow for an energy-and flavor-resolved analysis of the neutrino burst emitted by a galactic Supernova. Due to target mass and background conditions, LENA will also be sensitive to the faint signal of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background. Solar metallicity, time-variation in the solar neutrino flux and deviations from MSW-LMA survival probabilities can be investigated based on unprecedented statistics. Low background conditions allow to search for dark matter by observing rare annihilation neutrinos. The large number of events expected for geoneutrinos will give valuable information on the abundances of Uranium and Thorium and their relative ratio in the Earth's crust and mantle. Reactor neutrinos enable a high-precision measurement of solar mixing parameters. A strong radioactive or pion decay-at-rest neutrino source can be placed close to the detector to investigate neutrino oscillations for short distances and sub-MeV to MeV energies.At high energies, LENA will provide a new lifetime limit for the SUSY-favored proton decay mode into kaon and antineutrino, surpassing current experimental limits by about one order of magnitude. Recent studies have demonstrated that a reconstruction of momentum and energy of GeV particles is well feasible in liquid scintillator. Monte Carlo studies on the reconstruction of the complex event topologies found for neutrino interactions at multi-GeV energies have shown promising results. If this is confirmed, LENA might serve as far detector in a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently investigated in LAGUNA-LBNO.3

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“…Developing detection methods sensitive to potassium and geoneutrino direction would further advance these novel investigations of the deep Earth. [ Enomoto et al, 2007] [ Enomoto et al, 2007] …”

Section: Investigating the Deep Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two existing geoneutrino flux models are largely the product of physicists [Mantovani et al, 2004;Enomoto et al, 2007]. These models enhance neutrino oscillation studies and enable geological investigations.…”

Section: Investigating the Deep Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoneutrino Measurements and Models Investigate Deep Earth

2008

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Two underground detectors, in Japan and Italy, are currently recording interactions of highly penetrating particles called geoneutrinos, which are naturally produced inside the Earth. By measuring the geoneutrino flux, these pioneering projects along with several other projects that are being planned are advancing constraints on the contribution of radioactive elements to Earth's heat budget in a novel way. The detector in Japan, which has been in operation the longest, now measures the geoneutrino flux with precision better than a model prediction. Future projects dedicated to measuring and modeling the planet's geoneutrino flux would define the amount and distribution of heat‐producing elements in the Earth and provide transformative insights into the thermal history and dynamic processes of the mantle.

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Neutrino geophysics with KamLAND and future prospects

Cited by 76 publications

References 31 publications

Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory

Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory

The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA

Geoneutrino Measurements and Models Investigate Deep Earth

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