2020
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030382
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Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the Conserved Stem Region of Influenza Hemagglutinin

Abstract: Influenza continues to be a public health threat despite the availability of annual vaccines. While vaccines are generally effective at inducing strain-specific immunity, they are sub-optimal or ineffective when drifted or novel pandemic strains arise due to sequence changes in the major surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). The discovery of a large number of antibodies targeting the highly conserved stem region of HAs that are capable of potently neutralizing a broad range of virus strains and subtypes sug… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) specific to conserved HA stalk region have been considered as the key to the development of a UIV. To date, a number of antibodies targeting the HA stalk capable of neutralizing a wide range of influenza strains and subtypes have been characterized [31]. HA stalk bnAbs have been isolated from animals (mostly mice) and humans with prior influenza infections or vaccinations.…”
Section: Ha Stalk Antibody Responsesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) specific to conserved HA stalk region have been considered as the key to the development of a UIV. To date, a number of antibodies targeting the HA stalk capable of neutralizing a wide range of influenza strains and subtypes have been characterized [31]. HA stalk bnAbs have been isolated from animals (mostly mice) and humans with prior influenza infections or vaccinations.…”
Section: Ha Stalk Antibody Responsesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Stalk-directed antibodies have shown cross-reactivity within subtypes and between multiple subtypes within a group and even between group 1 and 2 viruses. A comprehensive list of stalk-directed antibodies discovered have been previously described [ 29 ]. Researchers have explored many vaccination strategies to induce these stalk-directed antibodies ( Figure 4 ), however induction of antibodies against the immunosubdominant stalk domain remains challenging in the presence of the immunodominant head domain.…”
Section: Stalk-directed Strategiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the central concept behind consensus-based strategies is similar, many different approaches have been developed ( Figure 5 ). Importantly, unlike stalk-directed strategies, consensus-based approaches typically induce HI antibodies directed against the head region of HA, which is generally accepted as a correlate of protection against influenza infection in humans [ 29 , 71 ]. Consensus-based approaches are typically developed for a single subtype of influenza, with the intention of expanding the approach to multiple subtypes and combining the vaccine constructs into a single multivalent vaccine.…”
Section: Consensus-based Strategiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Influenza A virus (IAV) is a constant threat to human and veterinary health worldwide. While avian reservoirs harbor most of the influenza subtypes, only H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, H9, and H10 subtypes have been found in humans, with the former 6 subtypes associated with human disease [ 76 , 77 ]. Overexpression of PML-III and -IV or -VI was demonstrated to reduce replication of H1 (WSN) and H3 (A/Hokkaido/92/99) influenza viruses, respectively [ 78 , 79 ].…”
Section: Negative Sense Single Stranded Rna Virusesmentioning
confidence: 99%