Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses

Jiang, Shibo; Hillyer, Christopher D.; Du, Lanying

doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007

Cited by 821 publications

(852 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our previous studies revealed that the RBD site contains multiple groups of conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes: some epitopes are critically involved in RBD binding to the cell receptor ACE2, whereas other epitopes possess neutralizing function but do not interfere with the RBD-ACE2 interaction ( 15, 18 ). Indeed, most of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously developed against SARS-CoV target the RBD epitopes, while a few are directed against the S2 subunit or the S1/S2 cleavage site ( 29, 30 ). The cross-reactivity of such mAbs with SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized, and it was found that many SARS-CoV-neutralizing mAbs exhibit no cross-neutralizing capacity ( 9, 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Zhu

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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16The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, poses serious 17 threats to public health and social stability, calling for urgent need for vaccines and 18 therapeutics. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically close to SARS-CoV, thus it is important to define 19 the between antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization. In this study, we firstly analyzed 20 20 convalescent serum samples collected from SARS-CoV infected individuals during the 2003 21 SARS outbreak. All patient sera reacted strongly with the S1 subunit and receptor-binding 22 domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV, cross-reacted with the S ectodomain, S1, RBD, and S2 23 proteins of SARS-CoV-2, and neutralized both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S 24 protein-driven infections. Multiple panels of antisera from mice and rabbits immunized with a 25 full-length S and RBD immunogens of SARS-CoV were also characterized, verifying the 26 cross-reactive neutralization against SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, we found that a palm civet 27 SARS-CoV-derived RBD elicited more potent cross-neutralizing responses in immunized 28 animals than the RBD from a human SARS-CoV strain, informing a strategy to develop a 29 universe vaccine against emerging CoVs. 30 31 Summary 32 Serum antibodies from SARS-CoV infected patients and immunized animals cross-neutralize 33 SARS-CoV-2 suggests strategies for universe vaccines against emerging CoVs. acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a new coronavirus (CoV) 37 genetically close to SARS-CoV emerged in 2002 (1-3). As of 20 April 2020, a total of 38 2,246,291 confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 152,707 deaths, have been reported from 39 213 countries or regions, and the numbers are growing rapidly (https://www.who.int). The 40 pandemic threatens to become one of the most difficult times faced by humans in modern 41 history. Unfortunately, even though 17 years passed, we have not developed effective 42 prophylactics and therapeutics in preparedness for the re-emergence of SARS or SARS-like 43 CoVs. A vaccine is urgently needed to prevent the human-to-human transmission of 44 SARS-CoV-2. 45Like SARS-CoV and many other CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its surface spike (S) 46 glycoprotein to gain entry into host cells (4-6). Typically, the S protein forms a homotrimer 47 with each protomer consisting of S1 and S2 subunits. The N-terminal S1 subunit is 48 responsible for virus binding to the cellular receptor ACE2 through an internal 49 receptor-binding domain (RBD) that is capable of functional folding independently, whereas 50 the membrane-proximal S2 subunit mediates membrane fusion events. Very recently, the 51 prefusion structure of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was determined by cryo-EM, which 52 revealed an overall similarity to that of SARS-CoV (4, 7); the crystal structure of the 53 SARS-CoV-2 RBD in complex with ACE2 was also determined by several independent 54 groups, and the residues or motifs critical for the higher-affinity RBD-ACE2 interaction were 55 identified (8-10).The S protein of CoVs is also a main target of ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Zhu

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A sample isolation from pneumonia patients who were some of the workers in the Wuhan seafood market found that strains of SARS-CoV-2 had a length of 29.9 kb [8]. Structurally, SARS-CoV-2 has four main structural proteins including spike (S) glycoprotein, small envelope (E) glycoprotein, membrane (M) glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein, and also several accessory proteins [9]. The spike or S glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of about 150 kDa found in the outer portion of the virus.…”

Section: Origin and Structure Of Sars-cov2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response

Astuti

Ysrafil

2020

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

877

865

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“…We measured antibodies against the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, which is, together with the nucleocapsid protein (NP), one of the most immunogenic antigens. 15 Antibodies to RBD correlate with neutralizing antibodies 16,17 that could be associated with protection based on studies of other coronaviruses and animal models. [17][18][19][20] The RBD antigen, kindly donated by the Krammer lab (Mount Sinai, New York) 21 , was coupled to magnetic MAGPLEX 6.5 μ m COOH-microspheres from Luminex Corporation (Austin, TX) at a concentration of 40 µg/ml for 10,000 beads/µl, as previously pandemic, at 1/500), were added per plate.…”

Section: Quantification Of Antibodies To Sars-cov-2 By Luminexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a large Spanish reference hospital

García‐Basteiro

Moncunill

Tortajada

et al. 2020

Preprint

125

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Background: Health care workers (HCW) are a high-risk population to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection from patients or other fellow HCW. At the same time, they can be contagious to highly vulnerable individuals seeking health care. This study aims at estimating the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors in HCW from a large referral hospital in Barcelona, Spain, one of the countries hardest hit by COVID-19 in the world. Methods: From 28 March to 9 April 2020, we recruited a random sample of 578 HCW from the human resources database of Hospital Clinic in Barcelona. We collected a nasopharyngeal swab for direct SARS-CoV-2 detection through real time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), as well as blood for plasma antibody quantification. IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured by Luminex. The cumulative prevalence of infection (past or current) was defined by a positive SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR and/or antibody seropositivity. Results: Of the 578 total participants, 39 (6.7%, 95% CI: 4.8-9.1) had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19 by rRT-PCR, 14 (2.4%, 95% CI: 1.4-4.3) had a positive rRT-PCR at recruitment, and 54 (9.3%, 95% CI: 7.2-12.0) were seropositive for IgM and/or IgG and/or IgA against SARS-CoV-2. Of the 54 seropositive HCW, 21 (38.9%) had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19, although 10 of them (47.6%) reported past COVID-19-compatible symptoms. The cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 11.2% (65/578, 95% CI: 8.9-14.1). Among those with evidence of past or current infection, 40.0% (26/65) had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19, of which 46.2% (12/26) had history of COVID-19-compatible symptoms. The odds of being seropositive was higher in participants who reported any COVID-19 symptom (OR: 8.84, 95% CI: 4.41-17.73). IgM levels positively correlated with age (rho=0.36, p-value=0.031) and were higher in participants with more than 10 days since onset of symptoms (p-value=0.022), and IgA levels were higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic subjects (p-value=0.041). Conclusions: The seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among HCW was lower than expected. Thus, being a high-risk population, we anticipate these estimates to be an upper limit to the seroprevalence of the general population. Forty per cent of those with past or present infection had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19, which calls for active periodic rRT-PCR testing among all HCW to minimize potential risk of hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections.

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Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses

Cited by 821 publications

References 15 publications

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response

Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a large Spanish reference hospital

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