Neutralization of Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.5 by a booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a Japanese nursing home cohort

Itamochi, Masae; Yazawa, Shunsuke; Inasaki, Noriko; Saga, Yumiko; Yamazaki, Emiko; Shimada, Takahisa; Tamura, Kosuke; Maenishi, Emi; Isobe, Junko; Nakamura, Masahiko; Takaoka, Misuzu; Sasajima, Hitoshi; Kawashiri, Chikako; Tani, Hideki; Oishi, Kazunori

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.068

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that antibody levels decrease over time after vaccination ( 15 – 18 ). Furthermore, individuals in their 60s had significantly lower levels at 12 wk and 30 wk after the booster vaccination, which is consistent with the results of previous reports on the duration of the immune response in the elderly ( 19 , 20 ). However, at 52 wk and 100 wk, there was no significant difference in the spike antibody levels between age groups, indicating that regular vaccinations help maintain sufficient antibody levels.…”

Section: Observationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Antibody Response to the BA.5 Bivalent Vaccine Shot: a Two-Year Follow-Up Study following Initial COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

et al. 2023

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Section: Observationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Antibody Response to the BA.5 Bivalent Vaccine Shot: a Two-Year Follow-Up Study following Initial COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

et al. 2023

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“…All procedures were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. When the G339D mutation was detected and L452R was not, the Omicron BA.1 variant was identified in agreement with the local epidemic situation analyzed at the Toyama Institute of Health ( 16 , 21 ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In the present study, the inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years, newly diagnosed with COVID-19 based on positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, and admitted to the hospital within 5 days after symptom onset. The genomic survey of the local institute of public health during the study period reported that Omicron BA.1 variant was dominant, with a small population of Delta variant still being detected ( 16 ). After initial blood test and CT examination at admission, all patients received standard therapy depending on their clinical course and were followed until discharge or disease remission.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High interleukin-6 levels induced by COVID-19 pneumonia correlate with increased circulating follicular helper T cell frequency and strong neutralization antibody response in the acute phase of Omicron breakthrough infection

Kawasuji,

Morinaga,

Nagaoka

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundAcute immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are influenced by variants, vaccination, and clinical severity. Thus, the outcome of these responses may differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients and those with and without COVID-19-related pneumonia. In this study, these differences during infection with the Omicron variant were investigated.MethodsA total of 67 patients (including 47 vaccinated and 20 unvaccinated patients) who were hospitalized within 5 days after COVID-19 symptom onset were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Serum neutralizing activity was evaluated using a pseudotyped virus assay and serum cytokines and chemokines were measured. Circulating follicular helper T cell (cTfh) frequencies were evaluated using flow cytometry.ResultsTwenty-five patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia on hospitalization. Although the neutralizing activities against wild-type and Delta variants were higher in the vaccinated group, those against the Omicron variant as well as the frequency of developing pneumonia were comparable between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. IL-6 and CXCL10 levels were higher in patients with pneumonia than in those without it, regardless of their vaccination status. Neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant were higher in vaccinated patients with pneumonia than in those without it. Moreover, a distinctive correlation between neutralizing activity against Omicron, IL-6 levels, and cTfh proportions was observed only in vaccinated patients.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the existence of a characteristic relationship between neutralizing activity against Omicron, IL-6 levels, and cTfh proportions in Omicron breakthrough infection.

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“…But even studying neutralization titers takes time; very few longitudinal studies with data against Omicron subvariants other than for BA.1 were available at the time of this review, and increasing immune escape from post-vaccination neutralizing antibody responses resulting in large proportions of participants with undetectable titers makes them difficult to evaluate, especially in infection-naïve cohorts post-primary vaccination. Indeed, available studies for newer sub-variants provide contradictory results with some observing increased rates of waning against Omicron sub-variants compared to the Index variant 22 , 23 , some finding similar rates of waning 18 , 24 , 25 , and others reporting lower rates 26 , 27 . More evidence is needed to determine if waning of post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers cross-reactive to newer Omicron subvariants differs from those reactive to the Index variant or to Omicron BA.1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors affecting waning of post-vaccination neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2

Jacobsen,

Sitaras,

Katzmarzyk

et al. 2023

npj Vaccines

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Mass COVID-19 vaccination and continued introduction of new SARS-CoV-2 variants increased prevalence of hybrid immunity at various stages of waning protection. We systematically reviewed waning of post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers in different immunological settings to investigate differences. We searched published and pre-print studies providing post-vaccination neutralizing antibody responses against the Index strain or Omicron BA.1. We used random effects meta-regression to estimate fold-reduction from months 1 to 6 post last dose by primary vs booster regimen and infection-naïve vs hybrid-immune cohorts. Among 26 eligible studies, 65 cohorts (range 3–21 per stratum) were identified. Month-1 titers varied widely across studies within each cohort and by vaccine platform, number of doses and number of prior infections. In infection-naïve cohorts, the Index strain waned 5.1-fold (95%CI: 3.4–7.8; n = 19 cohorts) post-primary regimen and 3.8-fold (95%CI: 2.4–5.9; n = 21) post-booster from months 1 to 6, and against Omicron BA.1 waned 5.9-fold (95%CI: 3.8–9.0; n = 16) post-booster; Omicron BA.1 titers post-primary were too low to assess. In hybrid-immune, post-primary cohorts, titers waned 3.7-fold (95%CI: 1.7–7.9; n = 8) against the Index strain and 5.0-fold (95%CI: 1.1–21.8; n = 6) against Omicron BA.1; post-booster studies of hybrid-immune cohorts were too few (n = 3 cohorts each strain) to assess. Waning was similar across vaccination regimen and prior-infection status strata but was faster for Omicron BA.1 than Index strains, therefore, more recent sub-variants should be monitored. Wide differences in peak titers by vaccine platform and prior infection status mean titers drop to non-protective levels sooner in some instances, which may affect policy.

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Neutralization of Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.5 by a booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a Japanese nursing home cohort

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Antibody Response to the BA.5 Bivalent Vaccine Shot: a Two-Year Follow-Up Study following Initial COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Antibody Response to the BA.5 Bivalent Vaccine Shot: a Two-Year Follow-Up Study following Initial COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

High interleukin-6 levels induced by COVID-19 pneumonia correlate with increased circulating follicular helper T cell frequency and strong neutralization antibody response in the acute phase of Omicron breakthrough infection

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors affecting waning of post-vaccination neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2

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