Neutralization of Infused Acid by Nephrectomized Dogs 1

Swan, Roy C.; Pitts, Robert F.; Madisso, Harry

doi:10.1172/jci103073

Cited by 186 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Control period chloride spaces were high but equivalent in each of the four groups studied, so reducing the control chloride space from 33 to 20% did not significantly affect the extent of calculated extracellular buffering. In addition, the changes in chloride space measured after acid administration were virtually identical to those reported by other investigators using inulin, radiosulfate, or chloride spaces (3,21,22), and the percentage of administered acid buffered extracellularly in the intact dogs was the same as that reported in other studies (3,21,22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Assuming no endogenous acid production during the course of the experiment, 39% of administered acid was buffered extracellularly and 61%, intracellularly in intact rats. These are similar to values previously reported in the dog (3). Extracellular buffering in TPTX rats was 97%; significantly higher than the 39% found in the intact group (P < 0.001).…”

Section: Rat Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Subsequent work, however, demonstrated that the internal pH of muscle was responsive to changes in external hydrogen ion activity (11). Indeed, after acute acid administration >50% of the administered acid is buffered intracellularly (3,4). Also, during intermittent acid infusion, although extracellular bicarbonate is the major buffer, cellular buffers restore extracellular bicarbonate concentration in the interinfusion periods (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 yr ago Van Slyke and Cullen (2) first noted that the buffering of a large, acutely administered acid load was only partially accounted for by extracellular buffers. Subsequently, it was shown in dog (3) and man (4) that at least 50% of an acutely administered acid load was buffered intracellularly. Although these studies demonstrated the importance and extent of cellular buffering, they did not define the tissues or regulatory mechanisms involved in the buffering process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Extrarenal Role for Parathyroid Hormone in the Disposal of Acute Acid Loads in Rats and Dogs

Fraley¹,

Adler²

1979

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Acid infusion studies were performed in nephrectomized rats and dogs with either intact parathyroid glands (intact) or after thyroparathyroidectomy (thyroparathyroidectomized [TPTX]) to determine the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in extrarenal disposal and buffering of acutely administered acid. 29 intact rats given 5 mM/kg HCI and 6 intact dogs given 7 mM/kg HC1 developed severe metabolic acidosis but all survived. However, each of 12 TPTX rats and 4 TPTX dogs given the same acid loads died. Intact rats and dogs buffered 39 and 50% of administered acid extracellularly, respectively, whereas extracellular buffering of administered acid was 97 and 78% in TPTX rats and dogs, respectively. 17 TPTX rats and 6 TPTX dogs given synthetic PTH 2 h before acid infusion survived. The blood bicarbonate and extracellular buffering in these animals, measured 2 h after acid infusion, was similar to intact animals. Changes in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle pH determined from [14C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4 oxazolidinedione distribution seemed insufficient to account for the increased cell buffering of PTH-replaced animals. Indeed, muscle pH in TPTX dogs given PTH and acid was only 0.06 pH units lower than in control dogs given no acid, suggesting that another tissue, presumably bone, was the target for PTH-mediated increased cell buffering. This conclusion was supported by the observation that PTH did not alter the pH of intact rat diaphragms in vitro. These results indicate that PTH is necessary for the optimal buffering of large, acute acid loads presumably by increasing bone buffering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Rat Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Extrarenal Role for Parathyroid Hormone in the Disposal of Acute Acid Loads in Rats and Dogs

Fraley¹,

Adler²

1979

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Insulin in an (20). Gastrointestinal secretions are not included in extracellular fluid as here defined.…”

Section: Insulin Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Extracellular Fluid Volume in Nephrectomized Dogs1

Swan¹,

Madisso²,

Pitts³

1954

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

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The volumes of distribution of a number of substances of widely varying molecular size and chemical properties, including sulfate, thiosulfate, mannitol, sucrose, and inulin, have been found to represent 15 to 25 per cent of body weight of man, dog, and other mammals. The apparently equal volumes of distribution of these dissimilar substances has suggested that the distribution of each of these substances measures the same portion of body fluid and has led to efforts to identify this volume of body fluid with the extracellular fluid volume.In a series of individuals, however, there is a considerable range in the fraction of body weight which the volume of distribution of any one of these substances represents. In only a few instances have the distributions of two of these substances been compared simultaneously in the same individual. Schwartz (1) reported a ratio of thiosulfate volume to simultaneously measured mannitol volume of 0.90 (0.87 to 0.96) in four normal dogs, a ratio of 1.02 and 0.98 in two normal human subjects, and a ratio of inulin to simultaneously measured mannitol volume of 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) in six normal human subjects (2). Walser, Seldin, and Grollman (3) (7) found that the ratio of inulin volume to thiosulfate volume averages 0.79 in five nephrectomized dogs.To determine which, if any, of these substances distribute in equal volumes, the distributions of six substances: radiosulfate, thiosulfate, mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, and inulin, ranging in molecular weight from 96 to 5100 and including two anions, have been compared in nephrectomized dogs. These comparisons have been made under conditions which eliminate or minimize uncertainties regarding: a) extrarenal removal of these substances, b) changing plasma blank, c) completeness of recovery of the injected substance in the urine, and d) upper urinary tract dead space. The volumes of distribution of three of these substances, radiosulfate, thiosulfate, and mannitol, have been found to be equal. Sucrose, raffinose, and inulin volumes are smaller in inverse order to the molecular size of these substances.Volumes of distribution of d-galactose, d-xylose, and l-arabinose have been reported to increase in nephrectomized dogs and rabbits after insulin administration, presumably the result of insulin facilitating transport of these substances across cell membranes (8, 9). The possibility that endogenous insulin release might alter volumes of distribution of the six substances studied has been investigated by observing the effect of intravenous insulin on their volumes of distribution. METHODS

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Hydrogen Ion Metabolism in Diabetic Acidosis

Daughaday¹

1961

Arch Intern Med

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Neutralization of Infused Acid by Nephrectomized Dogs 1

Cited by 186 publications

References 8 publications

An Extrarenal Role for Parathyroid Hormone in the Disposal of Acute Acid Loads in Rats and Dogs

An Extrarenal Role for Parathyroid Hormone in the Disposal of Acute Acid Loads in Rats and Dogs

Measurement of Extracellular Fluid Volume in Nephrectomized Dogs1

Hydrogen Ion Metabolism in Diabetic Acidosis

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