Neutralization against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 from previous non-Omicron infection

Zou, Jing; Xia, Hongjie; Xie, Xuping; Kurhade, Chaitanya; Machado, Rafael; Weaver, Scott C.; Ren, Ping; Shi, Pei–Yong

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28544-w

Cited by 103 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The mNG gene was inserted into the open-reading-frame-7 (ORF7) of the viral genome to enable the development of a fluorescent focus reduction neutralization test (FFRNT). 4 Our historical data set indicate that the high-throughput FFRNT produces comparable neutralization results as the gold standard plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT; using SARS-CoV-2 without the mNG reporter)…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The details of FFRNT protocol were reported previously. 4 Briefly, 2.5×10 4 Vero E6 cells per well were seeded in 96-well plates (Greiner Bio-one™). The cells were incubated overnight.…”

Section: Fluorescent Focus Reduction Neutralization Test (Ffrnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Compared with the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages, the prevalence of BA.3 has remained low, with a total of 613 BA.3 sequences in the GISAID database (https://www.gisaid.org/) as of March 12, 2022. Recent studies showed that BA.1 evades vaccine- and non-Omicron infection-elicited neutralization, 3,4 which, together with increased transmissibility, may partially account for the variant replacement from the previous Delta to the current Omicron. Since BA.1, BA2, and BA.3 have distinct sets of mutations in their spike glycoproteins ( Fig.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 SARS-CoV-2 by 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine

Kurhade

Zou

Xia

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The newly emerged Omicron SARS-CoV-2 has 3 distinct sublineages: BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3. BA.1 accounts for the initial surge and is being replaced by BA.2, whereas BA.3 is at a low prevalence at this time. Here we report the neutralization of BNT162b2-vaccinated sera (collected at 1 month after dose 3) against the three Omicron sublineages. To facilitate the neutralization testing, we engineered the complete BA.1, BA.2, or BA.3 spike into an mNeonGreen USA-WA1/2020 SRAS-CoV-2. All BNT162b2-vaccinated sera neutralized USA-WA1/2020, BA.1-, BA.2-, and BA.3-spike SARS-CoV-2s with titers of >20; the neutralization geometric mean titers (GMTs) against the four viruses were 1211, 336, 300, and 190, respectively. Thus, the BA.1-, BA.2-, and BA.3-spike SARS-CoV-2s were 3.6-, 4.0-, and 6.4-fold less efficiently neutralized than the USA-WA1/2020, respectively. Our data have implications in vaccine strategy and understanding the biology of Omicron sublineages.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The details of FFRNT protocol were reported previously. 4 Briefly, 2.5×10 4 Vero E6 cells per well were seeded in 96-well plates (Greiner Bio-one™). The cells were incubated overnight.…”

Section: Fluorescent Focus Reduction Neutralization Test (Ffrnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 SARS-CoV-2 by 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine

Kurhade

Zou

Xia

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The standard two‐dose regimen of COVID‐19 vaccination showed limited protective effects against the Omicron variant. 123 The protective effect, neutralizing activity, against the Omicron variant is lost in 50% of individuals within 3 months after two doses of the mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines. 124 However, a significant increase in neutralizing antibody levels was observed after a booster dose.…”

Section: Strategies Against the Omicron Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development

Lan

et al. 2022

MedComm

101

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New genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) constantly emerge through unmitigated spread of the virus in the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the latest variant of concern (VOC), has so far shown exceptional spread and infectivity and has established itself as the dominant variant in recent months. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein is a key component for the recognition and binding to host cell angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptors. The Omicron variant harbors a cluster of substitutions/deletions/insertions, and more than 30 mutations are located in spike. Some noticeable mutations, including K417N, T478K, N501Y, and P681H, are shared with the previous VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants and have been proven to be associated with higher transmissibility, viral infectivity, and immune evasion potential. Studies have revealed that the Omicron variant is partially resistant to the neutralizing activity of therapeutic antibodies and convalescent sera, which poses significant challenges for the clinical effectiveness of the current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. We provide a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant. We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant. This review, therefore, aims to provide information for further research efforts to prevent and contain the impact of new VOCs during the ongoing pandemic.

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“…The mutation related changes greatly affects the transmissibility of the virus, the symptoms of infection, and host immune response 17–19 . In addition to general immune evasion from neutralizing antibodies, Omicron also broadly caused dramatic reduction in the protective efficacy of vaccines and sera 20–22 22-24, which leads to a reduction in the options of responding to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and forces the generation of more passive prevention policies. Many neutralizing antibodies are disabled due to the large number of and widely scattered mutation sites in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and RBD region of the Omicron variant 23,24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Other VOCs by a Broad Spectrum Antibody 8G3

Tseng

Zong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Numerous mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron variant pose a crisis for antibody-based immunotherapies. The efficacy of emergency use authorized (EUA) antibodies that developed in early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic seems to be in flounder. In this work, we examined the Omicron variant neutralization using an early B cell antibody repertoire as well as several EUA antibodies in pseudovirus and authentic virus systems. More than half of the antibodies in the repertoire that showed good activity against WA1/2020 previously had completely lost neutralizing activity against Omicron, while antibody 8G3 from our early B cell repertoire displayed non-regressive activity. EUA antibodies Etesevimab, Casirivimab, Imdevimab and Bamlanivimab neutralized authentic WA1/2020 virus with low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, but were entirely desensitized by Omicron. Only Sotrovimab targeting the non-ACE2 overlap epitope showed activity but with a dramatic decrease. Interestingly, antibody 8G3 efficiently neutralized Omicron in pseudovirus and authentic virus systems. 8G3 also showed excellent activity against other variants of concern (VOCs). Collectively, our results suggest that neutralizing antibodies with breadth remains broad neutralizing activity in tackling SARS-CoV-2 infection despite the universal evasion from EUA antibodies by Omicron variant.

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Neutralization against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 from previous non-Omicron infection

Cited by 103 publications

References 24 publications

Neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 SARS-CoV-2 by 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine

Neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 SARS-CoV-2 by 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine

SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development

Efficient Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Other VOCs by a Broad Spectrum Antibody 8G3

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