Neutralisation sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2.75 sublineage

Gruell, Henning; Vanshylla, Kanika; Tober‐Lau, Pinkus; Hillus, David; Sander, Leif Erik; Kurth, Florian; Klein, Florian

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00580-1

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Consistent with previous reports we show that cross-neutralization of Omicron BA.2.75 and BA.4/BA.5 are broadly comparable (10,23,24) indicating factors other than immune evasion to be involved in growth advantage of BA.…”

Section: Main Textsupporting

confidence: 92%

Progressive loss of conserved spike protein neutralizing antibody sites in Omicron sublineages is balanced by preserved T-cell recognition epitopes

Muik

Lui

Diao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The continued evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has led to the emergence of numerous sublineages with different patterns of evasion from neutralizing antibodies. We investigated neutralizing activity in immune sera from individuals vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 wild-type spike (S) glycoprotein-based COVID-19 mRNA vaccines after subsequent breakthrough infection with Omicron BA.1, BA.2, or BA.4/BA.5 to study antibody responses against sublineages of high relevance. We report that exposure of vaccinated individuals to infections with Omicron sublineages, and especially with BA.4/BA.5, results in a boost of Omicron BA.4.6, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and BA.2.75 neutralization, but does not efficiently boost neutralization of sublineages BA.2.75.2 and XBB. Accordingly, we found in in silico analyses that with occurrence of the Omicron lineage a large portion of neutralizing B-cell epitopes were lost, and that in Omicron BA.2.75.2 and XBB less than 12% of the wild-type strain epitopes are conserved. In contrast, HLA class I and class II presented T-cell epitopes in the S glycoprotein were highly conserved across the entire evolution of SARS-CoV-2 including Alpha, Beta, and Delta and Omicron sublineages, suggesting that CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell recognition of Omicron BQ.1.1, BA.2.75.2, and XBB may be largely intact. Our study suggests that while some Omicron sublineages effectively evade B-cell immunity by altering neutralizing antibody epitopes, S protein-specific T-cell immunity, due to the very nature of the polymorphic cell-mediated immune, response is likely to remain unimpacted and may continue to contribute to prevention or limitation of severe COVID-19 manifestation.

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Section: Main Textsupporting

confidence: 92%

Progressive loss of conserved spike protein neutralizing antibody sites in Omicron sublineages is balanced by preserved T-cell recognition epitopes

Muik

Lui

Diao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The observation that BA.2.75 and BA.4/BA.5 display lower neutralisation sensitivity compared with BA.2 suggests that this trait might enable them to outcompete BA.2 in subpopulations with vaccination or infection-induced immunity. Finally, our data confirm and extend the findings of two recent studies 6,7 and provide evidence that three vaccine doses are required to induce potent neutralising activity against BA.…”

Section: Lung Cell Entry Cell-cell Fusion Capacity and Neutralisation...supporting

confidence: 90%

Lung cell entry, cell–cell fusion capacity, and neutralisation sensitivity of omicron sublineage BA.2.75

Arora

Nehlmeier²,

Kempf³

et al. 2022

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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“…In accordance with all evolutionary theories, often, new SARS-CoV-2 variants will exhibit antibody escape capabilities [ 15 , 16 ], but this is not necessarily strictly related to a high diffusion capability or to the improved pathogenicity of the virus [ 10 ]. According to the currently available data, SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1 appears as a new variant with no enhanced capabilities of infectivity or pathogenicity with respect to its direct progenitor BA.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Structural Data on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1 Variant Reveal Its Low Potential for Epidemiological Expansion

Scarpa

Sanna

Benvenuto

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The BQ.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant, also known as Cerberus, is one of the most recent Omicron descendant lineages. Compared to its direct progenitor BA.5, BQ.1 has some additional spike mutations in some key antigenic sites, which confer further immune escape ability over other circulating lineages. In such a context, here, we perform a genome-based survey aimed at obtaining a complete-as-possible nuance of this rapidly evolving Omicron subvariant. Genetic data suggest that BQ.1 represents an evolutionary blind background, lacking the rapid diversification that is typical of a dangerous lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary rate of BQ.1 is very similar to that of BA.5 (7.6 × 10−4 and 7 × 10−4 subs/site/year, respectively), which has been circulating for several months. The Bayesian Skyline Plot reconstruction indicates a low level of genetic variability, suggesting that the peak was reached around 3 September 2022. Concerning the affinity for ACE2, structure analyses (also performed by comparing the properties of BQ.1 and BA.5 RBD) indicate that the impact of the BQ.1 mutations may be modest. Likewise, immunoinformatic analyses showed moderate differences between the BQ.1 and BA5 potential B-cell epitopes. In conclusion, genetic and structural analyses on SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1 suggest no evidence of a particularly dangerous or high expansion capability. Genome-based monitoring must continue uninterrupted for a better understanding of its descendants and all other lineages.

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Neutralisation sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2.75 sublineage

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Progressive loss of conserved spike protein neutralizing antibody sites in Omicron sublineages is balanced by preserved T-cell recognition epitopes

Progressive loss of conserved spike protein neutralizing antibody sites in Omicron sublineages is balanced by preserved T-cell recognition epitopes

Lung cell entry, cell–cell fusion capacity, and neutralisation sensitivity of omicron sublineage BA.2.75

Genetic and Structural Data on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1 Variant Reveal Its Low Potential for Epidemiological Expansion

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