This article surveys our empirical knowledge of the production processes, the nuclear interactions and the decay processes of K particles and hyperons, as this appeared at the close of 1956, and interprets these phenomena within the framework of the chargeindependent classification scheme proposed by Gell-Mann and by Nishijima for these ' strange particles '. T h e assignment of a ' strangeness ' quantum number to each strongly interacting particle is a deep-lying aspect of this scheme, and the main qualitative features of the empirical data allow a direct interpretation in terms of a law of conservation of strangeness through all strong interactions. Where appropriate, more detailed analyses of the phenomena are made on the assumption that charge independence holds for these strong interactions.The evidence on decay processes for K particles and hyperons is discussed in some detail. These processes violate the strangeness conservation law and also involve changes in the total isotopic spin for those cases where this quantity is relevant for the final particles.The success of Gell-Mann's AT = 8 rule in accounting for certain aspects of the decay data is considered for each of the latter cases ; this rule is given a simple origin in Schwinger's model for strange particle decay processes, which is discussed briefly. T h e implications of symmetry between particle and antiparticle, as pointed out by Gell-Mann and Pais for c and Planck's constant fi each have the value unity. However these symbols will sometimes be retained in the formulae in order to display the dimensional character of the quantities considered.