Neutral lipids in macroalgal spores and their role in swimming

Reed, Daniel C.; Brzezinski, Mark A.; Coury, Daniel A.; Graham, William M.; Petty, Robert L.

doi:10.1007/s002270050515

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Kelp spores are capable of dispersing many kilometers from the point of release (Reed et al 1988, Gaylord et al 2002, but little is known about the dispersal capabilities of Eisenia arborea. E. arborea spores, however, are similar in size and composition to the fardispersing Pterygophora californica spores (Reed et al 1999) and would therefore be expected to have a similar high dispersal potential. Widespread dispersal of E. arborea is implied by the lack of sequence variation in the rDNA ITS1 region of individuals separated by > 400 km (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in blade morphology of the kelp Eisenia arborea: incipient speciation due to local water motion?

Roberson

Coyer²

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The southern sea palm kelp Eisenia arborea produces wide, bullate (bumpy) blades in low-flow areas, whereas in adjacent high-flow areas blades are flat and narrow. Here we determine if morphological differences in these 2 closely associated populations are correlated with physical factors in the environment, and whether this response is a genetically fixed or plastic trait. Both phenotypes were subjected to morphometric analysis, field and laboratory transplant experiments, and genetic analysis (M13 DNA fingerprinting). Physical variables (water motion, temperature, and light) were monitored simultaneously in the field. Results indicate that the 2 populations, separated by <10 m, are genetically distinct and transplants in the field and lab remained similar to individuals from the original collection location, regardless of the imposed flow environment. Water motion varied significantly between the 2 populations and was the single physical variable that correlated with morphology. Based on bump heights and water velocities in the field, bullate blades could increase turbulent transport of nutrients 4-fold that of flat blades. The thicker blades and large holdfasts of the flat morph may impart higher survivorship under high-flow conditions. This suggests water motion selects for 2 distinct morphotypes of E. arborea that represent adaptations to enhance fitness under different nutrient availability and drag force regimes. Thus, blade morphology is not a plastic response to the local environment but a genetically fixed trait and may be indicative of nascent speciation in the face of strong selection by water motion over spatial scales smaller than observed previously in kelps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in blade morphology of the kelp Eisenia arborea: incipient speciation due to local water motion?

Roberson

Coyer²

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Nutrient concentration also influences the behaviour and settlement of meiospores, the development of gametophytes and the growth rate of sporophytes (Chapman et al 1978;Amsler and Neushul 1990;Reed et al 1999;Kinlan et al 2003;Morelisen et al 2013), with higher concentrations generally favoured. To optimise sporophyte development, sufficient nutrients must be supplied to them within the kelp hatchery, without concentrations becoming inhibitory (Amsler and Neushul 1989) or encouraging the growth of fouling organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimising the settlement and hatchery culture of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyta) by manipulation of growth medium and substrate surface condition

et al. 2015

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The phaeophyte macroalga Saccharina latissima is gaining economic importance as an aquaculture crop. To decrease costs associated with the hatchery, the time required for meiospores to develop into sporophytes ready for outplanting must be minimised and survivorship maximised. The settlement and juvenile development of S. latissima was examined in a series of experimental manipulations. It was determined that (1) Meiospore settlement should be conducted in the dark in nutrient-enriched medium.(2) Continued nutrient enrichment in the hatchery increased growth and survival of the developing sporophytes. (3) It is best to use the diatom inhibitor germanium dioxide only during settlement and the first week of light exposure, rather than continuously or not at all. This treatment leads to the highest survival rate and sporophyte length. (4) Pre-treating the settlement surface with a commercial yeast extract can increase settlement and early development size; however, over-application can be highly detrimental leading to reduced survival, size and patchy growth.

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“…Motility, osmoregulation and the maintenance of correct internal ion concentrations have metabolic costs (Carlile 1986). Prolonged swimming may use up their energy reserves, which are generally in the form of neutral lipids (Reed et al 1999). The lipid level also dropped quickly during the motile phase in the life cycle of a thraustochytrid (Jain et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Zoospore production and motility of mangrove thraustochytrids from Hong Kong under various salinities

et al. 2012

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We investigated the effects of salinity on the zoospore production of four mangrove thraustochytrid isolates, Schizochytrium sp. KF1, Aurantiochytrium mangrovei KF6, Thraustochytrium striatum KF9 and Ulkenia sp. KF13. The zoospore motilities, which were based on curvilinear velocity (VCL) and straight-line velocity (VSL), were monitored using the Computer-Assisted Sperm Motility Analysis (CASA) Software system. The zoospore production of four isolates was suppressed at salinity above 15%. Schizochytrium sp. produced the greatest number of zoospores at 15%, while Aurantiochytrium mangrovei and Ulkenia sp. produced abundant zoospores in diluted sea water ranging from 7.5 to 15%. Thraustochytrium striatum performed relatively poorly under all salinities. Salinity and exposure time, as well as their interactions, had significant impacts on most zoospore velocity measurements. The optimal velocities of zoospore motility also varied among isolates. Zoospores of Schizochytrium sp. and A. mangrovei had similar responses to salinity, with the highest motility at 7.3%, followed by a decrease in velocities with increasing salinity. In contrast, the zoospore of T. striatum had optimal motility at 12% and remained highly motile from 15 to 20%. The velocities of zoospores of Ulkenia sp. were the lowest among the tested thraustochytrids and had optimal motility at 12%. Zoospores of all the isolates remained active after 4 h of exposure to aqueous medium, but the optimal salinity for each mode of swimming changed. The ecological significance of these data are discussed.

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Neutral lipids in macroalgal spores and their role in swimming

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Variation in blade morphology of the kelp Eisenia arborea: incipient speciation due to local water motion?

Variation in blade morphology of the kelp Eisenia arborea: incipient speciation due to local water motion?

Optimising the settlement and hatchery culture of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyta) by manipulation of growth medium and substrate surface condition

Zoospore production and motility of mangrove thraustochytrids from Hong Kong under various salinities

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