Neurotuberculosis: an update

Cherian, Ajith; Ajitha, Kesi Chellappan; Iype, Thomas; Kajaria, Divya

doi:10.1007/s13760-020-01575-0

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Also, they suggest using GeneXpert/LPA and BACTEC to confirm the diagnosis. Although they declared that a negative result for these tests, does not rule out TB [ 17 ]. Therefore, empirical therapy with TB treatments and corticosteroids seems to be a reasonable choice in suspicious cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and treatment methods of patients with subacute and chronic meningitis

et al. 2022

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Background Meningitis is known as a meningeal inflammation accompanied by pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and can be classified into acute, subacute, and chronic meningitis based on symptoms duration of ≤ 5 days, ≥ 5 days and ≥ 4 weeks, respectively. Subacute and chronic meningitis are caused mainly by indolent infectious agents and noninfectious causes such as autoimmune, and neoplastic. In this study, we investigated the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of subacute and chronic meningitis. Methods We extracted the medical records of patients with chronic and subacute meningitis who were referred to three tertiary centers from Jun 2011 to Jun 2021. Initially, 2050 cases of meningitis were screened, and then 79 patients were included in the study. Results Headache (87.3%), nausea and vomiting (74.7%), fever (56.4%), and visual impairments (55.7%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The most common signs were nuchal rigidity (45.3%), altered mental status (26.9%), and papillary edema (37.5%). Brain computed tomography (CT) was normal in 68.6% of the patients while 22.9% of the cases had hydrocephalus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal in 60.0% of the patients. The most common abnormal MRI findings were leptomeningeal enhancement (16.0%) and hydrocephalus (16.0%). We had a 44.3% definite diagnosis with bacterial (n:25, 31.6%) and neoplastic (n:8, 10.1%) being the most prevalent etiologies. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (60%) and Brucella spp. (12%) were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens. Conclusions The most common etiologies include infectious, neoplastic, and immunologic. Due to insidious presentation and uncommon etiologies, establishing a proper diagnosis, and providing timely targeted treatment for patients with subacute and chronic meningitis remains a challenge for clinicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and treatment methods of patients with subacute and chronic meningitis

et al. 2022

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“…tuberculous meningitis), the spine (spinal TB), the kidneys (renal TB), or the eyes (ocular TB). [135][136][137][138] TB is transmitted through the air by patients suffering from acute pulmonary and laryngeal TB. Symptoms of acute pulmonary TB include fever, weight loss, fatigue, persistent cough, and hemoptysis.…”

Section: Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the approved: target sites and inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase from bacteria and fungi

2022

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“…A review of literature suggests a number of different infectious agents to be involved in causing arachnoiditis including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis), and Histoplasma to name a few. [ 4 , 5 , 24 , 25 , 27 ] Of these pathogens, tuberculosis appears to be significantly associated in patients having a positive HIV status. [ 1 , 28 ]…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] A review of literature suggests a number of different infectious agents to be involved in causing arachnoiditis including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis), and Histoplasma to name a few. [4,5,24,25,27] Of these pathogens, tuberculosis appears to be significantly associated in patients having a positive HIV status. [1,28] Clinical arachnoiditis presents very similarly to other diseases involving spinal nerve compression with a range of symptoms including burning lower back pain that radiates down the legs -urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence -muscle spasms in the back and legs -sensory deficits below the lesion site -and paraplegia or paraparesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal arachnoiditis and syringomyelia: Review of literature with emphasis on postinfectious inflammation and treatment

Nadeem

Baig

Tariq

et al. 2022

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: Arachnoiditis refers to chronic inflammation of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space due to three major etiologies: chemical, mechanical, and postinfectious. As a rare disease with variable symptomatology and severity at presentation, arachnoiditis can be extremely debilitating with many complications, prominent among which is syringomyelia. Methods: We reviewed current literature concerning postinfectious spinal arachnoiditis and associated syringomyelia with emphasis on the treatment options that have been used to date and discuss their respective benefits and drawbacks. Results: It is critical to understand the natural history and potential complications of patient with postinfectious arachnoiditis. Surgical and medical treatments both have their own merits and demerits. Different surgical approaches have been employed with variable success rates. Conclusion: At present, no consensus exists regarding management of these patients due to the variable nature of the disease that affects treatment efficacy; however, surgical intervention in selected cases may be beneficial.

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Neurotuberculosis: an update

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Evaluation of the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and treatment methods of patients with subacute and chronic meningitis

Evaluation of the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and treatment methods of patients with subacute and chronic meningitis

Beyond the approved: target sites and inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase from bacteria and fungi

Spinal arachnoiditis and syringomyelia: Review of literature with emphasis on postinfectious inflammation and treatment

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