Neurotropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Chiodi, Francesca; Fenyõ, Éva Mária

doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00658.x

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected prior to inoculation and at 1, 2, 4, 6,8,11,13,21, and 23 weeks after inoculation. Isolation of virus from blood was performed by cocultivation of 5 x 106CEMX174 cells with at least 4 x 106peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as described previously [27,321.…”

Section: Isolation Of Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCAM‐1 expression and leukocyte trafficking to the CNS occur early in infection with pathogenic isolates of SIV

Sasseville

Lane

Walsh

et al. 1995

J of Medical Primatology

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This study reports on the endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the central nervous system (CNS) early after experimental infection of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with pathogenic and nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Diffuse endothelial expression of VCAM-1 was observed in the CNS in all animals receiving pathogenic SIV. These findings demonstrate the rapidity with which pathogenic SIV is able to enter the CNS and induce endothelial cell activation.

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Section: Isolation Of Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCAM‐1 expression and leukocyte trafficking to the CNS occur early in infection with pathogenic isolates of SIV

Sasseville

Lane

Walsh

et al. 1995

J of Medical Primatology

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“…A neuropathology-based classification and consensus nomenclature of the neurological complications of AIDS proposed then (7) is still valid today. Three key issues were highlighted, namely HIV neurotropism (10), immunopathogenesis of HIV encephalitis (1), and HIV-related neurotoxicity (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropathology of HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART)

Gray

Keohane

2003

Brain Pathology

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“…The prevalence of brain parenchymal infection during the pre‐symptomatic and immune competent stages of disease is unknown at present. It has been supposed that initial seeding of brain parenchyma with virus takes place around the time of seroconversion [ 12, 23, 32], when some patients experience a self‐limiting meningitis‐like illness [ 25]. Lymphocytic infiltrates, which are present in some pre‐symptomatic patients dying before the onset of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) [ 24], may represent a reaction to primary HIV‐1 CNS infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of microglia in drug users with and without pre‐symptomatic HIV infection

Tomlinson¹,

Simmonds

Busuttil³

et al. 1999

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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It is generally thought that infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 can occur early, even around the time of seroconversion, and evidence from animal studies supports this. However, the mode and timing of viral entry remain poorly understood since there have been comparatively few studies of the early neuropathology of HIV infection. In this study, samples of frontal and temporal lobes, and basal ganglia, were selected from 12 HIV-positive drug users who had been infected for 4-130 months before death, 10 HIV-negative drug users and 10 non-drug using controls, all age and sex matched. Routine and immunocytochemical staining showed that leptomeningeal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate was upregulated in HIV-infected cases compared with the two control groups, and choroid plexitis was confined to the HIV-positive subjects, suggesting an association with viral infection. In contrast, CD68-positive microglia were enhanced in both HIV- positive and HIV-negative drug users, considerably above the baseline seen in normal controls. However, there was no statistical difference between the three groups in relation to astrocytes. Screening and competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) undertaken on multiple samples including brain tissue, choroid plexus and leptomeninges from four of the HIV-positive subjects and one control case showed that the pro-viral burden was never more than 13 copies/microg DNA and was negative in multiple samples from one HIV-positive case and one control case. All the basal ganglia samples were PCR-negative. This study has not revealed any t spots' of viral load in brain tissue, choroid plexus or meninges, either early or late in the course of pre-symptomatic HIV infection. Drug use alone is associated with significant upregulation of microglia and this may predispose to HIV infection of the nervous system in drug users.

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Neurotropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

VCAM‐1 expression and leukocyte trafficking to the CNS occur early in infection with pathogenic isolates of SIV

VCAM‐1 expression and leukocyte trafficking to the CNS occur early in infection with pathogenic isolates of SIV

The Neuropathology of HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART)

Upregulation of microglia in drug users with and without pre‐symptomatic HIV infection

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