Neurotrophins and neurotransmitters in human palatine tonsils: An immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analysis

Bronzetti, Elena; Artico, Marco; Pompili, Elena; Felici, Laura; Stringaro, Annarita; Bosco, Sandro; Magliulo, Giuseppe; Colone, Marisa; Arancia, Giuseppe; Vitale, Marco; Fumagalli, Laura

doi:10.3892/ijmm.18.1.49

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The density of peripheral sympathetic innervation is governed in large part by target organ expression of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Carlson, Albers et al 1995;Kuruvilla, Zweifel et al 2004;Bronzetti, Artico et al 2006). Consistent with the hypothesis that stress increases lymphoid tissue innervation via increased neurotrophic support, we found increased expression of both NGF and BDNF in lymph nodes from animals socialized under unstable conditions.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 70%

Stress-induced remodeling of lymphoid innervation

Sloan¹,

Capitanio

Cole³

2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Lymphoid organs have long been known to harbor neural fibers from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, but recent studies suggest a surprising degree of plasticity in the density of innervation. This review summarizes data showing that behavioral stress can increase the density of catecholaminergic neural fibers within lymphoid organs of adult primates. Stress-induced neural densification is associated with increased expression of neurotrophic factors, and functional consequences include alterations in lymph node cytokine expression and increased replication of a lymphotropic virus. The finding that behavioral stress can tonically alter lymph node neural structure suggests that behavioral factors could exert long-term regulatory influences on the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of immune responses.

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Section: Molecular Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 70%

Stress-induced remodeling of lymphoid innervation

Sloan¹,

Capitanio

Cole³

2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…The data described above confirmed our previous experimental findings (8)(9)(10)(11), hence improving our knowledge on the role of the neurotrophins in the regulation of the meningeal microenvironment and their direct participation in the neoplastic transformation and cellular survival, both essential aspects of the malignant development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A definite role of NTs in the dural and leptomeningeal compartments is not well ascertained but a previous study on the expression of mRNAs for NTs revealed high levels of NT3 and NGF in the normal rat dura mater (7). Our observations on the localization and possible roles in different non-neuronal tissues such as lymphoid, lung and prostate (8)(9)(10)(11) encouraged us to persist in our experimental investigations in order to find a possible involvement of NTs in dura mater, both in physiological and pathological conditions (meningiomas).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical profile of neurotrophins in human cranial dura mater and meningiomas

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The immunohistochemical profile of neurotrophins and their receptors in the human cranial dura mater was studied by examining certain dural zones in specimens harvested from different regions (frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital). Dural specimens were obtained during neurosurgical operations performed in ten patients for surgical treatment of intracranial lesions (meningiomas, traumas, gliomas, vascular malformations). The dural fragments were taken from the area of the craniotomy at least 8 cm from the lesion as well as from the area in which the meningioma had its dural attachment. Immunohistochemical characterization and distribution of neurotrophins, with their receptors, were analyzed. The concrete role played by these neurotrophic factors in general regulation, vascular permeability, algic responsivity and release of locally active substances in the human dura mater is still controversial. Our study revealed a general structural alteration of dural tissue due to the invasivity of meningiomatous lesions, together with an improved expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in highly proliferating neoplastic cells and an evident production of nerve growth factor (NGF) in inflammatory cells, suggesting that BDNF has a role in supporting the proliferation rate of neoplastic cells, while NGF is involved in the activation of a chronic inflammatory response in neoplastic areas. IntroductionMeningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors, but some meningiomas show malignancy with invasion into the surrounding structures, as well as a high recurrence rate and extracranial metastases (1). Meningiomas arise from arachnoidal cells, most of which lie in close proximity to the venous sinuses: in fact, this is the most common site for meningioma formation. They are most frequently attached to the dura mater over the superior parasagittal surface of the frontal and parietal lobes, along the sphenoid ridge, in the olfactory grooves, the Sylvian region, superior cerebellum along the falx cerebri, cerebellopontine angle and spinal cord. The tumor is usually well-circumscribed, with the base lying on the dura mater.Histologically, the cells are relatively uniform, with a tendency to form highly-circumscribed whorls and to generally disrupt the distribution and the structure of collagen fibers (main component of dural tissue) and to originate 'psammoma bodies' (laminated concretions) which can calcify and are often strongly vascularized.The remarkable proliferation rate and vascularisation which determine a rapid replacement of normal dural tissue by the neoplastic cells, is regulated by several different growth factors, such as NGF related to an increased activation of the inflammatory cells at the beginning of the neoplastic invasion and BDNF, involved in the increased activation of the tumoral cells.Neurotrophins (NTs), also known as neurotrophic factors, constitute a family of dimeric proteins working as polypeptidic growth factors and acting like extracellular ligands. NTs, including ...

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“…This raises the possibility that reduced neurotrophin expression following SIV infection might be a consequence of denervation, rather than a cause, since neurotrophins may derive from both immune and neural sources (Kuruvilla, et al, 2004;Bronzetti, et al, 2006;Edling, et al, 2004;Frossard, et al, 2004;Levi-Montalcini, 1987). However, two findings argue against the hypothesis that changes in neurotrophin expression are solely a consequence of denervation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Sympathetic neurons express p75 NTR , and TrkA, which binds NGF and NT3 (Reichardt, 2006). BDNF is produced by both sympathetic neurons and target-organ cells including leukocytes (Kuruvilla, et al, 2004;Bronzetti, et al, 2006;Edling, et al, 2004). On sympathetic neurons, which lack Trk B, BDNF acts via p75 NTR to antagonize NGF-mediated support for innervation (Kohn, et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIV infection decreases sympathetic innervation of primate lymph nodes: The role of neurotrophins

Sloan

Nguyen

Cox

et al. 2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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The sympathetic nervous system regulates immune responses in part through direct innervation of lymphoid organs. Recent data indicate that viral infections can alter the structure of lymph node innervation. To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying sympathetic denervation during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection, we assessed the expression of neurotrophic factors and neuromodulatory cytokines within lymph nodes from experimentally infected rhesus macaques. Transcription of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) decreased significantly in vivo during chronic SIV infection, whereas expression of the neuro-inhibitory cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ) was up-regulated. Acute SIV infection of macaque leukocytes in vitro induced similar changes in the expression of neurotrophic and neuro-inhibitory factors, indicative of an innate immune response. Statistical mediation analyses of data from in vivo lymph node gene expression suggested that coordinated changes in expression of multiple neuromodulatory factors may contribute to SIV-induced depletion of catecholaminergic varicosities within lymphoid tissue. Given previous evidence that lymph node catecholaminergic varicosities can enhance SIV replication in vivo, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced expression of neurotrophic factors during infection could constitute a neurobiological component of the innate immune response to viral infection.

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Neurotrophins and neurotransmitters in human palatine tonsils: An immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Stress-induced remodeling of lymphoid innervation

Stress-induced remodeling of lymphoid innervation

Immunohistochemical profile of neurotrophins in human cranial dura mater and meningiomas

SIV infection decreases sympathetic innervation of primate lymph nodes: The role of neurotrophins

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