Neurotransmitters, Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sensation-Seeking Temperament in Normal Humans

Gerra, Gilberto; Avanzini, Paola; Zaimovic, Amir; Sartori, Riccardo; Bocchi, Caterina; Timpano, M.; Zambelli, Ursula; Delsignore, R; Gardini, Federica; Talarico, Enrica; Brambilla, Francesca

doi:10.1159/000026586

Cited by 103 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Low levels of cerebrospinal fluid cortisol found in high sensation seekers provide further evidence that cortisol levels are related to sensation seeking. Gerra et al (1999) found a positive correlation between aggression and cortisol but not between novelty seeking and cortisol.…”

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Also, high levels of testosterone are correlated with many aspects of sensation seeking. Gerra et al (1999) found that testosterone is positively correlated with novelty seeking, sensation-seeking, and aggression and that testosterone decreases with age. Dabbs and Morris (1990) showed that antisocial behaviors, such as delinquency, substance use/abuse, and multiple sexual partners, are associated with testosterone levels.…”

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Its level decreases with age and is correlated with novelty seeking, sensation seeking, and aggression (Gerra et al 1999). Antelman and Caggiula (1977) determined that the interaction between norepinephrine and dopamine in stress-related stimuli affects many behaviors, including aggression.…”

Section: Norepinephrinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical Evidence on the Use of Credit Scoring for Predicting Insurance Losses with Psycho-social and Biochemical Explanations

Golden

Brockett

et al. 2016

North American Actuarial Journal

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An important development in personal lines of insurance in the UnitedStates is the use of credit history data for insurance risk classification to predict losses. This research presents the results of collaboration with industry conducted by a university at the request of its state legislature. The purpose was to see the viability and validity of the use of credit scoring to predict insurance losses given its controversial nature and criticism as redundant of other predictive variables currently used. Working with industry and government, this study analyzed more than 175,000 policyholders' information for the relationship between credit score and claims. Credit scores were significantly related to incurred losses, evidencing both statistical and practical significance. We investigate whether the revealed relationship between credit score and incurred losses was explainable by overlap with existing underwriting variables or whether the credit score adds new information about losses not contained in existing underwriting variables. The results show that credit scores contain significant information not already incorporated into other traditional rating variables (e.g., age, sex, driving history). We discuss how sensation seeking and self-control theory provide a partial explanation of why credit scoring works (the psycho-social perspective). This article also presents an overview of biological and chemical correlates of risk taking that helps explain why knowing risk-taking behavior in one realm (e.g., risky financial behavior and poor credit history) transits to predicting risk-taking behavior in other realms (e.g., automobile insurance incurred losses). Additional research is needed to advance new nontraditional loss prediction variables from social media consumer information to using information provided by technological advances. The evolving and dynamic nature of the insurance marketplace makes it imperative that professionals continue to evolve predictive variables and for academics to assist with understanding the whys of the relationships through theory development.

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Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 96%

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Empirical Evidence on the Use of Credit Scoring for Predicting Insurance Losses with Psycho-social and Biochemical Explanations

Golden

Brockett

et al. 2016

North American Actuarial Journal

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“…The norm on the mental rotation task in the study of Hooven et al may also be the reason for the lack of correlations between testosterone and the intercept. Testosterone has been reported to have a positive correlation with a sensation-seeking score (Gerra et al, 1999); sensation seeking is a personal aspect of the willingness to take risks (Zuckerman, 1996). The norm on our mental rotation task may have repressed risk-taking in high-T subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Relationships between Salivary Estradiol and Components of Mental Rotation in Young Men

Kozaki

Yasukouchi

2008

J Physiol Anthropol

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Testosterone and estradiol levels were measured by saliva assays in 15 young men, and their relationships with different processes in a mental rotation task were elucidated. The estradiol level was positively correlated with reaction time; this effect was yielded by the slope of functions relating performance to angular disparity. These findings suggest that estrogen may inhibit the performance of a mental rotation task by affecting perception of the rotation process.

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“…Novelty seeking behavior observed in this test situation was then compared to novelty seeking discerned in a previous study of the same monkeys (Parker et al 2004) to examine cross-situational consistency in the expression of this behavior. We also investigated whether novelty seeking is associated with differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of various neurochemicals, as studies of humans and animals have linked novelty seeking to monoamines (Bardo et al 1996;Gerra et al 1999;Sara et al 1995;Zuckerman 1985) and stress-related neuropeptides (Kabbaj et al 2000;Thorsell et al 2006). We therefore examined relationships between novelty seeking and CSF levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), and the neuropeptide corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life stress and novelty seeking behavior in adolescent monkeys

Parker

Rainwater

Buckmaster

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SUMMARYRecent evidence suggests that early exposure to mild stress promotes the development of novelty seeking behavior. Here we test this hypothesis in squirrel monkeys and investigate whether novelty seeking behavior is associated with differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), and the neuropeptide corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF). Monkeys were randomized early in life to either mild intermittent stress (IS) or no stress (NS) conditions, and subsequently presented with opportunities to interact with a familiar or novel object in a test box that was connected to each monkey's home cage. To further minimize the potentially stressful nature of the test situation, monkeys were acclimated to the test procedures prior to study initiation. Post-test plasma levels of cortisol in IS and NS monkeys did not differ significantly from baseline levels measured in undisturbed conditions. During testing, more IS than NS monkeys voluntarily left the home cage, and IS monkeys spent more time in the test box compared to NS monkeys. More IS than NS monkeys engaged in object exploration in the test box, and IS monkeys preferred to interact with the novel vs. familiar object. Novelty seeking was not associated with differences in 5HIAA, HVA, MHPG, or CRF, but correlated with differences in object exploration observed in a different test situation at an earlier age. These trait-like differences in novelty seeking appear to reflect mild early stress-induced adaptations that enhance curiosity and resilience.

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Neurotransmitters, Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sensation-Seeking Temperament in Normal Humans

Cited by 103 publications

References 42 publications

Empirical Evidence on the Use of Credit Scoring for Predicting Insurance Losses with Psycho-social and Biochemical Explanations

Empirical Evidence on the Use of Credit Scoring for Predicting Insurance Losses with Psycho-social and Biochemical Explanations

Relationships between Salivary Estradiol and Components of Mental Rotation in Young Men

Early life stress and novelty seeking behavior in adolescent monkeys

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