Neurotransmitters as Tools in the Mapping of the Human Brain

Paxinos, George; Huang, Xu‐Feng; Sexton, Patrick M.; Toga, Arthur W.; Wang, Hong‐Qin; Carrive, Pascal

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1853-2_1

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…We confirm the reports that there are distinct regions or sectors of the zona incerta of this species (Ma et al, 1992;Paxinos et al, 1998). Our findings have important implications when considering the function, together with the clinical outcomes after surgery, of this region in humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In essence, in both behavioural and anatomical terms, the three MPTP-treated monkeys we examined were severely Parkinsonian. GENERAL LOCATION Figure 1 shows schematic diagrams of coronal, cresyl violet stained sections through the monkey diencephalon and midbrain (Paxinos et al, 1998). From these sections, the zona incerta was identified as a collection of lightly stained cells located ventral to the ventral lateral and ventral posterior nuclei of the dorsal thalamus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, different animal models of Parkinson Disease (e.g. 6 hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats) could generate Figure 1 and to the plates in the atlas of Paxinos et al (1998). Each small circle indicates one labelled cell.…”

Section: Mptp Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ma et al (1992) described two distinct incertal laminae, while the monkey atlas of Paxinos et al (1998) has shown four laminae or sectors for the nucleus. Both these descriptions were based on cytoarchitecture or Golgi; there have been no reports on the chemoarchitecture of the zona incerta in monkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemoarchitectonic heterogeneities in the primate zona incerta: Clinical and functional implications

et al. 2004

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In view of the recent focus on the zona incerta (and surrounding regions) as a target for deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson Disease, we have explored incertal cyto and chemoarchitecture in normal and MPTP (methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine)-treated macaque monkeys. Brains were processed for routine tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nitric oxide synthase (NOs), parvalbumin (Pv) and calbindin D 28k (Cal) immunocytochemistry, as well as for Nissl staining. We show four main sectors in the zona incerta, namely rostral, dorsal, ventral and caudal, each with a largely distinct cytoarchitecture. Each of the antibodies screened had signature distribution patterns across the zona incerta; TH + cells were localised within the rostral sector, NOs + cells were concentrated in the dorsal sector, Pv + cells were found mainly in the ventral sector and Cal + cells were distributed uniformly across all sectors. These patterns match closely those reported in non primates. We found no major differences in the distribution and shape of labelled cells in the zona incerta of MPTP-treated monkeys when compared to control. In conclusion, we report that the primate zona incerta shows considerable cyto and chemoarchitectonic heterogeneity; that it forms a nucleus with distinct sectors presumably associated with diverse functions-from generating arousal to shifting attention, and from controlling visceral activity to influencing posture and locomotion. These functions have been proposed for the zona incerta of non primates. Our results have clinical implications, in that deep brain stimulation of the zona incerta (or parts thereof) could manifest in signs and symptoms other than those associated with the motor system. Such clinical stimulations could well involve other systems, including those of arousal, attention and visceral control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mptp Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemoarchitectonic heterogeneities in the primate zona incerta: Clinical and functional implications

et al. 2004

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“…The periaqueductal gray (PAG) may be divided into 4 longitudinal columns which extend for various lengths along the aqueduct (Bandler et al, 1991;Carrive, 1993;Paxinos et al, 1995). The four columns are located dorsomedial, dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral to the aqueduct.…”

Section: Periaqueductal Graymentioning

confidence: 99%