Neurotoxicants and Limbic Kindling

Gilbert, Mary E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3326-9_8

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…There are many chemicals (toxicants as well as pharmaceutical agents) with a variety of primary actions on CNS function, that lead to convulsions with acute highdose exposure. 30,31 Similarly, proconvulsant properties of many of these substances can be demonstrated by administration of subthreshold doses prior to the delivery of daily electrical stimulation in a standard kindling paradigm (see refs. 30 and 32 for review).…”

Section: Chemical Kindlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pesticides such as lindane, endosulfan, amitraz, and members of the pyrethroid class have all been demonstrated to alter limbic excitability at subconvulsive doses. 30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][57][58][59]110,111 With repetition, chemically induced acute excitatory events may induce plasticity on their own, or secondarily facilitate the induction of naturally occurring LTP. In this way, in addition to genetic, experiential, and organismal factors such as age, trauma, and disease, exposure to some environmental contaminants may contribute to the symptomatology of MCS involving cognitive and emotional dysfunction.…”

Section: Model Of Cyclodiene Pesticides Kindling and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Kindling Model of Epilepsy Contribute to Our Understanding of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity?

Gilbert

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a phenomenon whereby individuals report an increased sensitivity to low levels of chemicals in the environment. Kindling is a model of synaptic plasticity whereby repeated low‐level electrical stimulation to a number of brain sites leads to permanent increases in seizure susceptibility. Stimulation that is initially subthreshold for subclinical seizure provocation comes, over time, to elicit full‐blown motor seizures. Kindling can also be induced by chemical stimulation, and repeated exposures to some pesticides have been shown to induce signs of behavioral seizure, facilitate subsequent electrical kindling, and induce subclinical electrographic signs of hyperexcitability in the amygdala. Many of the symptoms of MCS suggest that CNS limbic pathways involved in anxiety are altered in individuals reporting MCS. Limbic structures are among the most susceptible to kindling‐induced seizures, and persistent cognitive and emotional sequelae have been associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in humans and kindling in animals. Thus, a number of parallels exist between kindling and MCS phenomena, leading to initial speculations that MCS may occur via a kindling‐like mechanism. However, kindling requires the activation of electrographic seizure discharge and has thus been primarily examined as a model for TLE. Events leading to the initial evocation of a subclinical electrographic seizure have been much less well studied. It is perhaps these events that may serve as a more appropriate model for the enhanced chemical responsiveness characteristic of MCS. Alternatively, kindling may be useful as a tool to selectively increase sensitivity in subcomponents of the neural fear circuit to address questions relating the role of anxiety in the development and expression of MCS.

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Section: Chemical Kindlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Of Cyclodiene Pesticides Kindling and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Kindling Model of Epilepsy Contribute to Our Understanding of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity?

Gilbert

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Among many potential issues in the design of human MCS/sensitization studies are the following: state of adaptation or deadaptation of subjects (24) Related to the second issue, route of sensitization, laboratory sensitization in animals has been initiated primarily by injection with drugs or pesticides (3)(4)(5)(6)19,20) and inhalation with solvents such as toluene (21,70). In human studies, oral alcohol ingestion has been used successfully to initiate and demonstrate autonomic nervous system sensitization of nonalcoholics without first withdrawing them from alcohol outside the laboratory (42 (24).…”

Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In TDS, the subcortical, dopaminergic mesolimbic pathways also may be involved (5,6). A special type of neural sensitization is kindling, in which periodic repeated electrical or chemical stimulation of brain limbic structures such as the olfactory bulb, amygdala, and areas of the hippocampus leads to permanent susceptibility to convulsions not seen upon initial stimulation (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Neural Sensitization and Kindling Hypothesis for Illness from Low Levels of Environmental Chemicals

Bell¹,

Rossi²,

Gilbert³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Limbic kindling is based on an animal model for seizure disorders induced by stimulation with electrical current or high doses of a pharmacologic agent (Gilbert, 1992a(Gilbert, , 1992b. However, no evidence for the phenomenon has been presented in humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessing Beliefs about 'Environmental Illness/Multiple Chemical Sensitivity'

1996

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Knowledge representation was used to characterize beliefs in patients with Environmental Illness/Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (EI/MCS). EI/MCS patients, allergy and asthma patients, doctors and controls made relatedness judgments on concepts relevant to EI/MCS. Associative networks showed that EI/MCS patients viewed these concepts differently from others. Multiple chemical exposure was central in EI/ MCS networks, with many links to every other concept, but was only peripherally connected in the other subject networks. Similarity comparisons to an EI/MCS prototype network discriminated EI/MCS patients from the other control populations, as did an index based on critical concept pairs. This approach shows promise for distinguishing patient groups using belief structure.

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Neurotoxicants and Limbic Kindling

Cited by 19 publications

References 92 publications

Does the Kindling Model of Epilepsy Contribute to Our Understanding of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity?

Does the Kindling Model of Epilepsy Contribute to Our Understanding of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity?

Testing the Neural Sensitization and Kindling Hypothesis for Illness from Low Levels of Environmental Chemicals

Assessing Beliefs about 'Environmental Illness/Multiple Chemical Sensitivity'

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